Genesis chapter 1
Today we are walking in: Core Qualities Of Principled Leaders
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 11
Core Qualities of Principled Leaders
“Good character is not formed in a week or a month. It is created little by little, day by day. Protracted and patient effort is needed to develop good character.”
—Heraclitus, Greek philosopher
To be effective leaders, we must cultivate many important attitudes and characteristics, such as courage, passion, initiative, patience, teamwork, wisdom, and persistence. But there are several core qualities that we must focus on as we make character our priority in leadership. In this teaching, we will take a brief overview of these qualities, so that we can be intentional about building them into our lives.
Strong Convictions
In teaching 3 and elsewhere in this series, we discussed the necessity of forming strong convictions. However, this process is so central to the development of character that it merits being included in this teaching, as well. As we have seen, convictions refer to two aspects of leadership: (1) a leader’s certainty that he has a unique purpose in life, and (2) his wholehearted personal commitment to a vision worth sacrificing for.
Our established belief system gives rise to our convictions. To have convictions is to sense that there is something we must do while we are on this earth. It is not optional, because life will have no meaning if we don’t accomplish it. As I wrote earlier, we can learn all the skills, methods, and styles of leadership, but they won’t mean much if we have no real convictions that guide our lives, or if we sell out those convictions.
Accountability
Accountability, or answering to a higher authority for our attitudes and actions, reflects a commitment to our own personal integrity. This core quality helps us to remain fixed, set, predictable, and stable in character. We have a responsibility to be accountable on three levels—to ourselves, to other people, and to our Creator.
A Commitment to Self-evaluation
First, we are responsible for regularly examining our own conduct to assess if we are living according to the moral principles that we value highly and have established as standards for ourselves. Again, we can accomplish this most effectively if we have written down our principles, beliefs, convictions, values, moral standards, and ethical code, so that we can easily refer to them.
A Commitment to Evaluation by Others
Second, to be accountable means to submit the evaluation of our attitudes and actions to another individual or group of individuals qualified to examine them in light of the principles to which we have committed. No one can see all of his own weaknesses, or the areas of his life in which he may be compromising his standards. We all sometimes need a different perspective on our lives to show us our weaknesses and our strengths alike. That is why many people have “accountability partners” with whom they meet regularly to encourage and challenge each other.
We should make ourselves accountable only to someone of proven character who has demonstrated that he has our best interests at heart. He should be someone who is able to clearly assess our progress in character development and show us how to get back on track when we have strayed. When we are able to take an honest look at our character, and commit to work on our areas of weakness, we will strengthen our integrity. We will integrate our thoughts, words, and actions even further, so they can become “one.”
A principled leader truly welcomes this process of accountability. He desires to have his values tested for consistency. He wants to know how well he is holding to his own stated code of ethics. Rather than being afraid of constructive criticism, he embraces appraisal because he understands that his inherent worth was given to him by his Creator. Because he desires to manifest true character, he is strong enough to hear what he needs to hear and to use it profitably in his life.
In contrast, unprincipled leaders are afraid of being held accountable, so they avoid evaluation whenever possible. As a result, many of them become “lone wolves.” They think, I’m accountable only to myself. Such people risk self- deception and isolation from the community of which they are a part. They may also begin to use and misuse other people.
In many organizations, leaders are accountable to a board of directors, a group of advisors, or a similar accountability group. If they do not have such a forum to hold them responsible for their stated values, principles, and goals, leaders can make bad moral choices and other unwise decisions. Many leaders fall due to a lack of accountability, as we have seen in the examples throughout this series. A number of them had apparently not made an intentional decision to pursue character-based leadership, so they had never really submitted themselves to either self-examination or evaluation by a board or other group.
Finally, a commitment to evaluation by others means that a leader reports not only to those to whom he is responsible but also to those for whom he is responsible. Accordingly, he should regularly meet with his followers to make sure he is supporting them as they work to fulfill their part of the vision. And he should endeavor to supply whatever they may need in this regard.
A Commitment to Evaluation by the Creator
Third, a principled leader recognizes that his ultimate accountability is to Yah. That is why he has made a commitment to follow the Creator’s first laws. He knows that even when he is alone, everything he says and does is observed by his Higher Authority.
As beings created in the image and likeness of Yah, we have responsibilities and privileges alike. One of our responsibilities is to “fear” our Creator. The term “the fear of the Lord,” which is found in the Bible, does not mean that we are to be afraid of Him. In this sense, the word “fear” has to do with a great reverence and respect for Him that causes us to desire to follow His principles. It also refers to a proper sense of respect for His power, His love, and His other qualities.
We each have gifts and talents, but we did not create ourselves, and this fact should cause us to put our accomplishments into perspective and to express gratitude to our Creator for them. In teaching 9, we looked at the story of a young man named Joseph who had been sold into slavery by his brothers and later falsely accused and imprisoned. Joseph is an example of a leader with great reverence for Yah. The reason he was moved from the prison to the palace was that Yah had given him the ability to understand the meaning of significant dreams. When Pharaoh had a troubling dream, someone remembered Joseph’s gift, and he was sent for by the Egyptian ruler.
Let’s examine what Pharaoh said to Joseph, and then what Joseph’s response was. “Pharaoh said to Joseph, ‘I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.’”1 Wouldn’t you feel good if a king said that to you, especially if you’d just spent years in prison for being unjustly convicted of a crime? You would want to enjoy the moment and take credit for your ability. Yet, because Joseph revered Yah, he understood his responsibility to acknowledge the source of his gift. “‘I cannot do it,’ Joseph replied to Pharaoh, ‘but Yah will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.’”2 A principled leader doesn’t stand up in such a situation and say, “I’m the answer to all your problems!” Rather, he gives credit where it is due.
A leader’s willingness to be accountable reflects his commitment to always be consistent in what he says, what he does, and who he is. Accountability— in all three realms we’ve just discussed—protects a leader from being hypocritical, or two-faced, enabling him to align his life with his standards and principles and to establish his character.
A leader’s willingness to be accountable reflects his commitment to be consistent in what he says, what he does, and who he is.
Monitoring Your Associations
Let me mention one other subject related to accountability. When we do not exercise discernment about those whom we choose to be our close friends and associates, we can inadvertently become answerable to people who don’t have our best interests in mind, and whose immature character may have a negative effect on us. Consequently, we may end up following unwise advice and false principles. As I mentioned earlier, our character—for good or ill— often determines the nature of the people who gravitate to us and become our companions. In other words, our character determines our company. We should form friendships with those who value what we value and are committed to principled living. For this reason, we must be intentional about choosing our close associates, as well as developing our personal character.
Humility
The next core quality is humility. The word humble is derived from the Latin word humus, meaning “earth.” To be humble, then, means to be “down-to- earth.” In the context of character, this means to express and manifest your true self in accordance with your unique, inherent purpose. A leader can manifest true humility only after he accepts his significance as a person and as a leader. When he does so, he ceases to be self-conscious about his actions. He evaluates them regularly, but he does not strive at them, and he does not pretend to be someone he is not. If an individual “tries” to be humble, he has missed the true meaning of humility. If we’re not manifesting our true selves, we cannot be humble. We have inadvertently put on a mask that hides what we are meant to express and reveal to the world.
The quality of humility in a leader is manifested through “servant leadership.” Previously, we discussed Yahusha of Nazareth’s description of the difference between the Roman leaders and the leaders in the “kingdom of Yah.” The Romans leaders liked to lord it over people, ordering them around. But Yahusha said that whoever wants to become great must serve other people. Ordering people around is not the spirit of a true leader. Are your family members, employees, or colleagues afraid of you? If so, that fact shouldn’t make you feel better about yourself. Likewise, you shouldn’t get joy out of an ability to order people around. That is the wrong spirit. A principled leader has an attitude, or spirit, of service.
When a leader is humble, he also has a healthy attitude toward the areas of his life in which he still needs to grow in character. I’ve previously quoted from the writings and sayings of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln is an example of a strong but humble leader. He was intelligent, wise, and perceptive. But he was also unpretentious, even as president, and he would often express that quality through his self-deprecating humor. On one occasion, a man attempted to curry favor with Lincoln by informing him that his secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, had called him a fool. Lincoln responded that Stanton was usually right, and that he would give the comment some thought! Lincoln was comfortable with himself, and he did not feel the need to defend himself whenever criticism came his way.
Leaders who don’t understand their inherent purpose and worth have difficulty being humble because they often need reassurance through the praise of others. But leaders of principle have found something greater than other people’s accolades—they have found a personal “assignment,” or vision, and they are busy pursuing it. They are occupied with being who they were created to be, so they don’t feel a need to be continually puffed up by others.
Similarly, when we are genuinely humble, we are less likely to be controlled by other people’s opinions of us. We can’t be leaders of character if we are always afraid of what other people will think or say of us. Some people mistake timidity for the quality of humility, but they are opposites: Timidity is related to fear, while humility is related to peace—peace with oneself and peace with other people.
When we are genuinely humble, we are less likely to be controlled by other people’s opinions of us.
One way to gauge your fear of other people is to evaluate the way you talk to your boss or someone else in authority when you have a problem or concern. If you have an issue you want to discuss, do you tell your boss exactly what’s wrong, how you feel about it, and what you recommend be done to solve it? I’m not suggesting that you be argumentative but that you have a reasoned, well-thought-out presentation. When we are afraid of authority figures, we are often not honest with them, and we often do not obtain the help and results we need. A fear of other people will undermine our character and hinder the fulfillment of our vision and goals.
Perhaps the following scenario will seem familiar to you. When preparing to discuss an issue with their boss, some people rehearse what they’re going to say ahead of time, on their commute to work. They might go over their statement again in front of the mirror in the restroom. But then, when they get into their boss’s office, their fear of authority makes them either freeze up or stumble over their words, so that they never say what they intended to say. Instead, they might just tell him they came in to say hello and wish him a good day. But somebody who has confidence in his own inherent worth and abilities will not fear authority. He will approach him in a practical and confident way.
There is a proverb that begins, “Fear of man will prove to be a snare....”3 A snare, or trap, is something in which you are caught and from which it is difficult to escape. We do not have to fear people just because they have a certain title or hold a particular office. If you are afraid of authority, and you haven’t been promoted at your job as quickly as you thought you should be, perhaps the managers at your workplace see you as someone who lacks confidence and would not be able to handle additional responsibilities. Whatever the reason, you can overcome your fear of man by focusing on fulfilling your inherent purpose and seeking to serve others.
Integrity
One definition of integrity is “incorruptibility.” If you are incorruptible, you will not be enticed by your own desires or the pressure of other people to violate your moral standards or to operate on the basis of self-interest. Integrity was a quality exemplified by George Washington; he demonstrated that he could not be corrupted by power.
At the time that the American Revolution ended, King George III of England was having his portrait painted by artist Benjamin West. He asked the painter what he thought George Washington would do now that the war was concluded. West replied that he thought Washington would resign and go back to his farm. A startled King George exclaimed, “If he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world!”
To give up power voluntarily at the height of success and popular support is a rare decision for a leader, making his action even more impressive. Likewise, after Washington had served two terms as president of the United States, he did not run for a third term, because he had accepted the office in order to serve the people, not to garner power for himself. Washington was so highly regarded for his integrity that a number of Americans of his time would have supported the idea of giving him a life term as president, or even making him king. Instead, he calmly passed the reins of office to the next elected president. In doing so, he set a standard for all presidents to come, and helped to stabilize the new nation.
It is said that Napoleon Bonaparte, the famous military leader and former emperor of France, made a telling comment as he sat out his second exile on the island of Elba, lamenting his fall from power. He said that the people of France had “wanted him to be another George Washington.” But he could not do it. Because he loved power, he never would have given it up of his own accord.
Responsibleness
Leaders of principle also act responsibly, and they eagerly accept responsibility. One of the Creator’s first laws is that if we are faithful over the smaller jobs and tasks we have been given, we will be granted even greater ones.4 This is the process by which leaders grow into increasingly responsible positions.
The process usually starts with the leader’s own initiative to assume responsibility. Some people are annoyed by the thought of having to work. They don’t want people to ask them to do anything—whether it’s helping out with chores at home, doing the “grunt” work at a volunteer organization, taking care of the paperwork related to their job, or something else. Frankly, many people are lazy. But a principled leader loves responsibility. He welcomes the opportunity to be productive and often looks for useful work to do.
In this regard, let’s look at one more example from the life of Joseph. Joseph successfully interpreted Pharaoh’s dream, which was a message to the ruler and his nation that seven years of plenty would come, but they would be followed by seven years of famine. When Pharaoh heard the interpretation, he immediately said to Joseph:
Since Yah has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you....I hereby put you in charge of the whole land of Egypt.5
If there ever was a time when Joseph might have felt he could delegate his work and finally take it a little easy, this would have been it! Instead, he worked diligently in his new role, preparing for the days of famine:
And Joseph went out from Pharaoh’s presence and traveled throughout Egypt. During the seven years of abundance the land produced plentifully. Joseph collected all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and stored it in the cities. In each city he put the food grown in the fields surrounding it. Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain, like the sand of the sea; it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure.6
In contrast to Joseph’s responsible attitude, some people seek to avoid their boss, the head of their volunteer organization, their pastor, their parents, and so forth, because they don’t want to be put into a situation where they will be asked to do something. However, though many of these people will avoid working at smaller tasks, they suddenly appear when an important and exciting opportunity comes along. Then, they are often the first to say, “I’ll go!”
How about you? What do you do when somebody gives you a job to do? Do you feel sorry for yourself, or do you get started on it right away? Responsibility is good training for leaders of character. We need to be the kind of leaders who are eager to take on responsibility. Those are the leaders who are useful to others, and whom others can depend upon. If you have made progress in developing the quality of responsibleness, you’re on your way to being a leader of character.
Discipline and Sacrifice
We have covered the qualities of discipline and sacrifice in several previous teachings, but a list of the core qualities of principled leaders would not be complete without them. All true leaders adhere to self-imposed limitations on their lives for the purpose of achieving a higher purpose.
Leaders of principle have learned to govern themselves. They exercise self- control without needing to be disciplined externally. As we, too, progress in character development, we will learn to govern and discipline each area of our lives in order to protect it from ethical lapses and prepare it for maximum productivity. We will train ourselves to do this regardless of whether other people are present, and regardless of whether other people ever find out about it.
Many people have a certain awe about those who sacrifice and suffer in order to do extraordinary acts that will aid humanity, or to accomplish a demanding goal. And that awe is translated into inspiration. In this way, as we have seen, sacrifice based on conviction leads to inspiration. And inspiration is what leads other people to join in fulfilling our vision.
The Divine destiny connection, the chain that links us together.
Thursday, August 22, 2024
Wednesday, August 21, 2024
THE POWER OF PRINCIPLES
Genesis chapter 1
Today we are walking in: The Power of Principles
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 8
The Power of Principles
“Change your opinions, keep to your principles; change your leaves, keep intact your roots.”
—Victor Hugo, writer
When a consumer product is developed and produced, its manufacturer often publishes important information about it in a user’s manual that is packaged with the item. The manual is actually a book of “principles” indicating how the item functions, how to properly operate it, and how to make it last longer. Some of these principles might be: “Keep away from heat.” “Always clean appliance after using.” “Do not use near or place in water.” “Not intended to bear weight exceeding 10 pounds.” “Observe recommended maintenance schedule.”
Similarly, after creating the first human beings, the “Manufacturer” gave them valuable information about how they “functioned,” how to properly “operate” their lives, and how to ensure that their leadership would have longevity. He conveyed specific principles so they could understand the nature by which they had been designed to live. Later on in human history, He made sure these principles, and additional instructions, were put into writing as a vital reference for all of humanity.
Earlier, we discussed the fact that the values of an organization or community should always be conveyed clearly to its members. And we are all members of the largest community on earth—the human race. The Creator has “published” His principles and values in various ways in the Bible, which is, in effect, a “Corporate User’s Manual” for human beings. Some of these principles and values are included in compilations of moral standards, two of which are commonly known as the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes. But many more may be discovered in its pages—some of which we explored in the previous teaching.
In teaching 7, I wrote that the principles contained in the biblical record are time-tested, stable, and civically sound. They can secure true human development and enable us to rebuild our societies and nations on a foundation of sound values and ethics. In addition, if an individual who has suppressed his conscience, or moral compass, becomes aware of the Creator’s principles, and responds to them, his conscience can be reawakened, so that he will regain a conviction of right and wrong. For all these reasons, I have designed this teaching as an overview of the key properties and benefits of the principles the Creator has established for us.
The Key to Leading Effectively
The power of principles has been among the greatest discoveries of my life, and I believe the same can be true for you. The key to living effectively on this earth is to know, accept, and apply the Manufacturer’s principles. Comprehending these principles will give us wisdom, and following them will make us leaders of character.
The Manufacturer—Not the Product— Sets the Principles
The first key property to understand about principles is that a manufactured product does not establish the principles by which it functions—the creator/manufacturer does. As we have noted, everything our Creator/Manufacturer made was designed to operate according to principles He had determined in advance. That includes us human beings. So, the principles by which we function have already been defined by our Creator; they are not defined by us.
The Purpose of Principles
These principles are not arbitrary but are specific to our purpose: We were meant to operate according to principles that can uphold our moral nature in Yah’s image and likeness. Therefore, it is in our best interest to understand and follow them.
“First Laws”
We have previously defined a principle as “a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption,” “a rule or code of conduct,” and “a primary source.” The word principle is derived from two Latin words meaning “beginning” and “initiator.” Accordingly, principles refer to “first laws.”
The Creator’s “first laws” for life on earth pertain to both the physical and the moral (spiritual) realms. Yah instituted physical laws, such as the force of gravity, to govern our earthly environment, giving us the parameters for how we may function in the natural world. Likewise, He instituted moral laws for the conduct of our lives, giving us parameters for how we may live in an ethical way with respect to Him, ourselves, and other people.
Comprehending principles will make us wise, and following them will make us leaders of character.
Principles Are Permanent
Another key property of Yah’s principles is that they are unchanging, or permanent. We can resist them, but that does not alter them or the consequences of rejecting them. To use a familiar example, you could try to defy the law of gravity by jumping off a building, believing that you would float down to safety, simply by wanting it to happen. Yet gravity would still pull you down to the ground—in effect, saying, “I’m going to prove to you that physics works!” Fixed laws apply to everyone.
All of life relates to physical and/or moral principles. We are concerned in this book with exploring moral principles, which lead to character, as well as the consequences of disregarding them. Therefore, let’s look at some benefits of learning, and adhering to, the Creator’s eternal principles.
Benefits of Knowing and Following the Creator’s Principles
Principles Safeguard Us from Substitutes
Principles enable us to build and maintain personal character as they govern and safeguard our lives. While the “first laws” are those the Manufacturer instituted and stated in His User’s Manual, there are other moral laws we must view with caution because they are substitutes for the originals. These were invented by some of the Manufacturer’s “products.”
For example, many people today are advancing their own principles regarding what conduct is morally and ethically acceptable. The reason many of our nations are experiencing decline is that they are being led by influential people whose philosophies are based on other “manuals.” These cultural leaders claim that the revised principles are better than the ones the Manufacturer established. Yet the new principles are not recognized by the Manufacturer and will not lead to lasting success, according to the laws He has established for the world. We cannot institute “new” natural laws. And we cannot alter the inherent principles by which human beings have been created to function.
Perhaps you’ve had the experience of preparing for a week-long trip and trying to decide what to pack. In such a situation, many people tend to overpack, so they have to sit on top of their suitcase in an attempt to shut it. The suitcase’s sides bulge, and its zipper becomes strained. Often, after several unsuccessful attempts, people end up taking out some of their items because the case wasn’t designed to hold that much volume. Sometimes, however, people succeed in shutting the lid, and then they have to lug around a heavy suitcase. If they’re traveling by plane, they may have to pay an extra fee due to the extra weight of their luggage. Then, by the time they return home, the seams of the suitcase have started to pull apart, and the fabric is fraying.
This scenario is similar to what happens when we try to add “new” principles that don’t fit in with the Creator’s original design—they become burdensome and damaging to us. Some people claim that shifting morals indicate social progress—leading the way for human development and reengineering. However, they fail to recognize the consequences to human development of tampering with, or rejecting, integral principles. Such new laws may garner popular support, but they won’t cancel first laws, which, again, are as fixed, morally speaking, as physical laws are.
Here’s another simple illustration. Suppose an individual decided he wanted to forgo using gasoline to run his car, so he filled his tank with orange juice, instead. He had the will to do this, and he had the ability to do it, but his action didn’t alter the principle of how an internal combustion engine works. As originally designed, his car won’t run unless he puts fuel in it. And putting orange juice in his tank will damage the engine.
In this regard, let’s look at some statements found in the User’s Manual, in the book called the “Psalms,” in which the biblical writer is addressing the Creator:
You have laid down precepts that are to be fully obeyed.1
The word “precepts” refers to first laws. The writer was saying, in effect, “Creator, You’ve laid down principles that are not optional; they are not open for discussion.” Although they are permanent, first laws are not stagnant. On the contrary, they are applicable to all people, in all eras of history, and they are life-giving. Later on in the passage, we read,
I will never forget your precepts,
for by them you have preserved my life.2
Next, let’s look at the opening lines of another psalm, written by King David, about leaders who try to function according to principles contrary to those the Creator has set:
Why do the nations conspire
and the peoples plot in vain?
The kings of the earth take their stand
and the rulers gather together
against the Lord and against his Anointed One. “Let us break their chains,” they say,
“and throw off their fetters.”3
The next part says,
The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them.4
Why does the Creator “laugh” at this conspiracy? Since His principles are already set, any plots against them are in vain. People are inventing their own laws, but they won’t work. Yah has already determined the best way for us to function.
The Creator isn’t impressed by any governmental leader or legislative body that creates laws contrary to the ones He has built into life. Neither is He threatened by them. He is our ultimate Leader, and His authority cannot be supplanted by those whom He has created.
Though we can’t invent principles that will cancel the Manufacturer’s first laws, that doesn’t mean that people won’t attempt to create them and live according to them. But if they do, they won’t be living in harmony with themselves, with others, or with their Creator. They won’t function as they were designed to.
Following Yah’s established standards is the only way human beings can live productively and peacefully. Yet many people seem to fight against these principles. I believe that if they understood the essential purposes of Yah’s first laws, they would stop fighting them and benefit from their life-giving power.
Principles Simplify Our Lives and Decision-Making
Another reason the Creator’s principles are eminently valuable is that they simplify life. When you understand His principles, you know how to respond in a variety of situations—especially those that involve ethical questions. You must take time to learn Yah’s laws, but when you do, they will make many of your decisions clearer and easier.
The first psalmist I quoted in the previous section also made this statement: I will walk about in freedom,
for I have sought out your precepts.5
The writer was saying that because he had “sought out” the Creator’s principles, he knew he would “walk about in freedom.” When we follow Yah’s first laws, we are liberated. We are, as we discussed, set free to make decisions about various issues and dilemmas without having to wonder what to do. And we are also free from the negative consequences that come from making poor ethical decisions. Thus, observing foundational principles enables us to walk with a new confidence.
Let’s look at one more excerpt from the passage quoted above: I have more insight than all my teachers,
for I meditate on your statutes.
I have more understanding than the elders, for I obey your precepts.6
If you study the Creator’s principles, you’ll become much wiser than many leaders today. I frequently interact with powerful, influential people, and when I’m asked to present my ideas for solving certain societal or corporate issues, the leaders often comment on the wisdom contained in those ideas. What many of them don’t realize—especially at first—is that I have studied many of Yah’s integral principles. I can’t take credit for the wisdom. As a consultant, my role is to explain and expound upon these principles to them. When they first hear the principles, they think they are new and remarkable.
They are remarkable—but they are not new. Once more, they are long- established and time-tested.
If you study the Creator’s principles, you’ll become much wiser than many leaders today.
Consequently, if someone is having a problem with his company, and he asks me to serve as a consultant to address the issue, I often know exactly what to advise right away, because most problems involve violations of first laws—principles of ethics, principles of right relationships, principles of sound financial practices, and so forth. At times, I can identify most problems within a company in a matter of hours. Why? I’m not looking at personalities or agendas—I’m looking for the key principles the leaders and their employees are ignoring or rejecting.
If you understand principles, therefore, discovering solutions to a variety of concerns will become second nature. To return to the automobile analogy, suppose the fuel gauge of your car was below “E.” You wouldn’t have to wonder what to do in order to get your car to continue to function. The decision would be simple, because you would know the “principle.” Even if you didn’t know much about engines, you would know the most important law to apply in order to make your car run again: Put some gas in it. Likewise, in the moral arena, you don’t have to question how to respond when someone asks you to do something dishonest, reckless, vengeful, and so forth. When you know first laws, or principles, you know exactly what to do—and what not to do.
In the Corporate User’s Manual, the book of Proverbs gives much practical wisdom that we can apply in a number of situations. One passage, using an illustration from the natural world, addresses the perils of laziness and the rewards of working to provide for your own needs:
Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise! It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest. How long will you lie there, you sluggard? When will you get up from your sleep? A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest—and poverty will come on you like a bandit and scarcity like an armed man.7
In another section of the User’s Manual, Yahusha of Nazareth discusses our need to address our own shortcomings before trying to correct others’ faults:
Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? How can you say to your brother, “Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,” when you yourself fail to see the plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.8
Principles Enable Us to Fulfill Our Potential
Violating the Creator’s principles will also prevent us from reaching our full potential. If we follow His laws, we can fulfill our destiny. If we don’t, we will never reach it. For instance, the “destiny” of your car is to mobilize you and transport you safely to your destination. Yet, if you were to violate a key principle related to the vehicle—for example, if you were to continue operating the car after allowing the oil pan to run dry, so that you ruined the engine—you would have nullified the manufacturer’s promises about its functioning. Similarly, the success of your future depends on your obedience to key principles established by your Manufacturer—the Creator.
Obedience is not a negative word. In this sense, to obey merely means to follow proven principles. Suppose you were to place grain seeds on a clean tile floor. When you came back after a few days, you would see that they had not sprouted or taken root. They need to be planted in soil to do that. So, every time you plant seeds in the ground, you are submitting to the principle of growth established by the Creator. Likewise, when you adhere to His moral principles, you are submitting to a vital standard for fulfilling your personal potential as a leader. Remember that character ensures the longevity of leadership, and men and women of principle will leave important legacies and be remembered by future generations.
As we saw earlier, the process of applying a principle requires that you must first know what the principle is (for example, you have to know that your car requires fuel to function). Second, you must value, or accept, the principle (you become convinced of the need to put fuel into your car). Third, you must act on the principle (by actually putting fuel into your car’s gas tank). You would barely think about the process described in this illustration if you’d been around automobiles from the time you were a child, so that the process had become second nature. Nevertheless, each step is necessary, and we must realize that the process applies to the implementation of principles in many contexts.
Without First Laws, Life Is an Experiment
When people don’t know or obey first laws, they begin to experiment with foundational elements of human life, including values and morals. These substitute laws are “experiments” because the people promoting them have little understanding of what is going to happen to individuals and society if the new laws are promoted and practiced. Experimentation is beneficial and necessary in relation to scientific inquiry, creative endeavors, and so forth. But experimentation in moral matters is a dangerous practice.
Experimentation Leads to Distrust and Disillusionment
The average leader in the world today has not been trained in the Manufacturer’s principles, so he often has to make up his responses when confronted with societal issues and problems. This means that many of the leaders of your country are merely guessing about how to deal with national problems. So, your country’s future is, in essence, an experiment for them. They keep trying this policy and that policy, but few of them work.
One outcome of society’s experimentation with ethics has been people’s growing distrust of authority, leading to their disillusionment. When leaders of all walks of life lack character and experiment with principles, their constituents don’t have anyone they can really trust. By and large, in our society today, the younger generations don’t trust the older generations, and the older generations don’t trust the younger generations—or even themselves. Citizens don’t have confidence in their politicians, and politicians don’t have regard for the citizens. Parishioners don’t respect their priests and ministers, and the priests and ministers don’t esteem the parishioners. Likewise, students don’t respect their teachers, and the teachers don’t esteem their students.
This widespread distrust has resulted in varying degrees of apathy, compromise, permissiveness, sexual confusion, a devaluation of human life, and a culture of violence and death. Our experimentation must be replaced with the application of first laws in regard to the fundamental values of human life. Experimentation in moral matters is a dangerous practice.
Experimentation Leads to Lawlessness
We have seen that, in the optimal scenario, a country’s laws are based on values and standards by which the citizens in the national community have agreed to live. This is why a nation can reflect a national ethic. If the citizens value a certain standard, it becomes a law to them. If the individual citizens agree to abide by that law, they become moral. Their conduct, then, becomes ethical.
Yet this process has broken down today. Values and standards are often considered relative. People say things such as, “What’s right for you isn’t necessarily what’s right for me. Therefore, you can’t impose your standards on me.” This viewpoint can apply only so far, because our world was designed with fixed principles and moral absolutes, without which a society can’t function in a healthy way. And individuals must exercise personal responsibility in relation to these fixed principles and moral absolutes.
Experimentation in ethical issues results from not having—or acknowledging—moral references or parameters, so that nothing is “settled.” Instead, relativism and license take over. License contrasts with the freedom that is gained from following sound principles; it leads to lawlessness, which is a rejection of natural laws and standards. I believe that a spirit of lawlessness has affected every level of society today.
The only way to solve lawlessness is to restore character. Principled leaders are those who establish moral boundaries and set ethical “stakes.” We need people who will say, “This is what I believe,” and “This is the boundary. This is where we stand.”
Leaders who have not comprehended moral principles, or who have rejected them, have led us into lawlessness. It will take leaders who understand moral principles, who live by them, and who establish ethical policies to lead us back to lawfulness. Laws can help to create character as people adhere to them.
Many people say, “Governments cannot legislate morality.” I believe the opposite. Let us not be fooled into believing that political decisions and policies are morally neutral. Why? Because all decisions have moral implications, and therefore all governmental policies and laws are “moral”— they reflect the values and ethics of those who institute them. You can’t create a law that doesn’t reflect a moral code. And codes regulate conduct.
Yet, as we know, a society can be only as strong as the number of its members who value its laws and adhere to them personally.
Moral principles can be promoted in the context of any form of “government,” not just political entities. Such standards can be set by all types of leaders, on all levels—whether leaders of a family, a civic group, a university, a business, a nation, or another entity. Implementing some form of rules, policies, or codes of acceptable behavior is what all “governments” do.
Experimentation Leads to Loss and Destruction
When leaders try to implement principles that they have fabricated, and that are in opposition to the Manufacturer’s first laws, “malfunctions” will occur. To act in a way contrary to the User’s Manual is to risk damage to the “product.” Picture a lighthouse in a storm, with waves crashing high against it. The waves are in motion, but the lighthouse is stable; it is grounded. The principles given to us by the Creator are like lighthouses—they remain constant, and they provide light that guides us to solid ground.
To act in a way contrary to the Corporate User’s Manual is to risk damage to the “product.”
I was born in a very poor neighborhood in the Bahamas. My ten brothers and sisters and I slept on the floor of our two-bedroom wood house, the corners of which rested on four stones. In my neighborhood, questionable characters were always present, exerting a negative influence. But when I discovered the Creator’s principles, they not only changed the way I thought about myself, but they altered the course of my life. I recognized the potential within me and gained a vision for my life that has stayed with me to this day.
A number of my fellow classmates had great potential. However, many of our teachers would tell the students, “You are a failure. You’ll always be a failure, and nothing but a failure.” After some time, a lot of the students would finally believe it, and say, “There’s no use in trying. I’m just going to fail this exam, anyway, so I might as well not study.” Sadly, many did fail in school and never fulfilled their potential.
Other classmates’ lives went off track because they violated moral principles and laws. Some of them are in prison now. When I visit them, they say, “You’ve done well.” I reply, “I’ve just made some decisions that were different, that’s all.”
Whether a person consciously or unconsciously violates first laws, the result is decline and destruction. Most things in life aren’t killed; they die on their own. The Creator did not say to the first human beings, “If you disobey Me, I will kill you.” He said, in effect, “If you disobey this first principle, you will certainly die.”9 He knew the inevitable consequences of violating bedrock principles.
Destruction from within—whether it is within an individual, a family, a business, a church, a volunteer organization, a local community, or a country —is a sign of either a lack of awareness of first laws, a rejection of them, or both. Similarly, no matter what kind of crime someone may commit—a misdemeanor, a white-collar crime, or a violent crime—it is the result of a denial of principles.
If a leader does not know first laws and implement them, I can predict the future of his organization. You may be a leader who has been ignoring time- honored principles. Perhaps, by using your charisma and exhibiting enthusiasm, you have gotten people excited about following you and your vision. But, underneath, your foundation is not secure.
Your organization may grow at first. Yet when it gets to a certain size, it will stop expanding, because you haven’t applied the principles necessary for it to grow beyond that point. Corporate growth is not all about business plans, investments, and top-notch employees. You also have to conduct business honestly; make wise decisions; and hire people who have integrity, who have a passion for the corporate vision, and who value and support the contributions of all their coworkers.
Recommit to the Principles in the Corporate User’s Manual
It doesn’t make a difference what the current issues, trends, and fads may be —if you know and follow first laws, you will outlast temporal matters. Leaders of character do not live by transient movements or emotions but by solid principles. Again, emotions are part of the human makeup. However, leaders of character are not guided by how they feel on a particular day; they are guided by the principles that form their lifelong convictions and values.
No matter what type of leadership you exercise, don’t forget first laws! Perhaps you are a leader in a local, regional, or national government who is in a position to tackle contemporary problems and to help develop laws and civic programs. Or, maybe you are a leader in your business or organization who is in a position to develop corporate plans and to set policies. If you violate the Manufacturer’s principles, you will contribute to the weakening of your nation, your company, or your organization.
Leaders of character are guided by the principles that form their lifelong convictions and values.
Recommitting to first laws is like rebooting a stalled computer by pushing the reset button—it allows us to return to the “original mode” where we can function as we were intended to. By studying and implementing the principles in the User’s Manual, you will avoid moral compromise and ethical missteps. You will protect yourself from the negative effects that such mistakes inevitably have on other aspects of your life, including the exercise of your gifts and the realization of your potential. You will also gain much practical wisdom for leadership. You will be able to say, with the biblical writer, “I will walk about in freedom, for I have sought out your precepts.”10
Today we are walking in: The Power of Principles
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 8
The Power of Principles
“Change your opinions, keep to your principles; change your leaves, keep intact your roots.”
—Victor Hugo, writer
When a consumer product is developed and produced, its manufacturer often publishes important information about it in a user’s manual that is packaged with the item. The manual is actually a book of “principles” indicating how the item functions, how to properly operate it, and how to make it last longer. Some of these principles might be: “Keep away from heat.” “Always clean appliance after using.” “Do not use near or place in water.” “Not intended to bear weight exceeding 10 pounds.” “Observe recommended maintenance schedule.”
Similarly, after creating the first human beings, the “Manufacturer” gave them valuable information about how they “functioned,” how to properly “operate” their lives, and how to ensure that their leadership would have longevity. He conveyed specific principles so they could understand the nature by which they had been designed to live. Later on in human history, He made sure these principles, and additional instructions, were put into writing as a vital reference for all of humanity.
Earlier, we discussed the fact that the values of an organization or community should always be conveyed clearly to its members. And we are all members of the largest community on earth—the human race. The Creator has “published” His principles and values in various ways in the Bible, which is, in effect, a “Corporate User’s Manual” for human beings. Some of these principles and values are included in compilations of moral standards, two of which are commonly known as the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes. But many more may be discovered in its pages—some of which we explored in the previous teaching.
In teaching 7, I wrote that the principles contained in the biblical record are time-tested, stable, and civically sound. They can secure true human development and enable us to rebuild our societies and nations on a foundation of sound values and ethics. In addition, if an individual who has suppressed his conscience, or moral compass, becomes aware of the Creator’s principles, and responds to them, his conscience can be reawakened, so that he will regain a conviction of right and wrong. For all these reasons, I have designed this teaching as an overview of the key properties and benefits of the principles the Creator has established for us.
The Key to Leading Effectively
The power of principles has been among the greatest discoveries of my life, and I believe the same can be true for you. The key to living effectively on this earth is to know, accept, and apply the Manufacturer’s principles. Comprehending these principles will give us wisdom, and following them will make us leaders of character.
The Manufacturer—Not the Product— Sets the Principles
The first key property to understand about principles is that a manufactured product does not establish the principles by which it functions—the creator/manufacturer does. As we have noted, everything our Creator/Manufacturer made was designed to operate according to principles He had determined in advance. That includes us human beings. So, the principles by which we function have already been defined by our Creator; they are not defined by us.
The Purpose of Principles
These principles are not arbitrary but are specific to our purpose: We were meant to operate according to principles that can uphold our moral nature in Yah’s image and likeness. Therefore, it is in our best interest to understand and follow them.
“First Laws”
We have previously defined a principle as “a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption,” “a rule or code of conduct,” and “a primary source.” The word principle is derived from two Latin words meaning “beginning” and “initiator.” Accordingly, principles refer to “first laws.”
The Creator’s “first laws” for life on earth pertain to both the physical and the moral (spiritual) realms. Yah instituted physical laws, such as the force of gravity, to govern our earthly environment, giving us the parameters for how we may function in the natural world. Likewise, He instituted moral laws for the conduct of our lives, giving us parameters for how we may live in an ethical way with respect to Him, ourselves, and other people.
Comprehending principles will make us wise, and following them will make us leaders of character.
Principles Are Permanent
Another key property of Yah’s principles is that they are unchanging, or permanent. We can resist them, but that does not alter them or the consequences of rejecting them. To use a familiar example, you could try to defy the law of gravity by jumping off a building, believing that you would float down to safety, simply by wanting it to happen. Yet gravity would still pull you down to the ground—in effect, saying, “I’m going to prove to you that physics works!” Fixed laws apply to everyone.
All of life relates to physical and/or moral principles. We are concerned in this book with exploring moral principles, which lead to character, as well as the consequences of disregarding them. Therefore, let’s look at some benefits of learning, and adhering to, the Creator’s eternal principles.
Benefits of Knowing and Following the Creator’s Principles
Principles Safeguard Us from Substitutes
Principles enable us to build and maintain personal character as they govern and safeguard our lives. While the “first laws” are those the Manufacturer instituted and stated in His User’s Manual, there are other moral laws we must view with caution because they are substitutes for the originals. These were invented by some of the Manufacturer’s “products.”
For example, many people today are advancing their own principles regarding what conduct is morally and ethically acceptable. The reason many of our nations are experiencing decline is that they are being led by influential people whose philosophies are based on other “manuals.” These cultural leaders claim that the revised principles are better than the ones the Manufacturer established. Yet the new principles are not recognized by the Manufacturer and will not lead to lasting success, according to the laws He has established for the world. We cannot institute “new” natural laws. And we cannot alter the inherent principles by which human beings have been created to function.
Perhaps you’ve had the experience of preparing for a week-long trip and trying to decide what to pack. In such a situation, many people tend to overpack, so they have to sit on top of their suitcase in an attempt to shut it. The suitcase’s sides bulge, and its zipper becomes strained. Often, after several unsuccessful attempts, people end up taking out some of their items because the case wasn’t designed to hold that much volume. Sometimes, however, people succeed in shutting the lid, and then they have to lug around a heavy suitcase. If they’re traveling by plane, they may have to pay an extra fee due to the extra weight of their luggage. Then, by the time they return home, the seams of the suitcase have started to pull apart, and the fabric is fraying.
This scenario is similar to what happens when we try to add “new” principles that don’t fit in with the Creator’s original design—they become burdensome and damaging to us. Some people claim that shifting morals indicate social progress—leading the way for human development and reengineering. However, they fail to recognize the consequences to human development of tampering with, or rejecting, integral principles. Such new laws may garner popular support, but they won’t cancel first laws, which, again, are as fixed, morally speaking, as physical laws are.
Here’s another simple illustration. Suppose an individual decided he wanted to forgo using gasoline to run his car, so he filled his tank with orange juice, instead. He had the will to do this, and he had the ability to do it, but his action didn’t alter the principle of how an internal combustion engine works. As originally designed, his car won’t run unless he puts fuel in it. And putting orange juice in his tank will damage the engine.
In this regard, let’s look at some statements found in the User’s Manual, in the book called the “Psalms,” in which the biblical writer is addressing the Creator:
You have laid down precepts that are to be fully obeyed.1
The word “precepts” refers to first laws. The writer was saying, in effect, “Creator, You’ve laid down principles that are not optional; they are not open for discussion.” Although they are permanent, first laws are not stagnant. On the contrary, they are applicable to all people, in all eras of history, and they are life-giving. Later on in the passage, we read,
I will never forget your precepts,
for by them you have preserved my life.2
Next, let’s look at the opening lines of another psalm, written by King David, about leaders who try to function according to principles contrary to those the Creator has set:
Why do the nations conspire
and the peoples plot in vain?
The kings of the earth take their stand
and the rulers gather together
against the Lord and against his Anointed One. “Let us break their chains,” they say,
“and throw off their fetters.”3
The next part says,
The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them.4
Why does the Creator “laugh” at this conspiracy? Since His principles are already set, any plots against them are in vain. People are inventing their own laws, but they won’t work. Yah has already determined the best way for us to function.
The Creator isn’t impressed by any governmental leader or legislative body that creates laws contrary to the ones He has built into life. Neither is He threatened by them. He is our ultimate Leader, and His authority cannot be supplanted by those whom He has created.
Though we can’t invent principles that will cancel the Manufacturer’s first laws, that doesn’t mean that people won’t attempt to create them and live according to them. But if they do, they won’t be living in harmony with themselves, with others, or with their Creator. They won’t function as they were designed to.
Following Yah’s established standards is the only way human beings can live productively and peacefully. Yet many people seem to fight against these principles. I believe that if they understood the essential purposes of Yah’s first laws, they would stop fighting them and benefit from their life-giving power.
Principles Simplify Our Lives and Decision-Making
Another reason the Creator’s principles are eminently valuable is that they simplify life. When you understand His principles, you know how to respond in a variety of situations—especially those that involve ethical questions. You must take time to learn Yah’s laws, but when you do, they will make many of your decisions clearer and easier.
The first psalmist I quoted in the previous section also made this statement: I will walk about in freedom,
for I have sought out your precepts.5
The writer was saying that because he had “sought out” the Creator’s principles, he knew he would “walk about in freedom.” When we follow Yah’s first laws, we are liberated. We are, as we discussed, set free to make decisions about various issues and dilemmas without having to wonder what to do. And we are also free from the negative consequences that come from making poor ethical decisions. Thus, observing foundational principles enables us to walk with a new confidence.
Let’s look at one more excerpt from the passage quoted above: I have more insight than all my teachers,
for I meditate on your statutes.
I have more understanding than the elders, for I obey your precepts.6
If you study the Creator’s principles, you’ll become much wiser than many leaders today. I frequently interact with powerful, influential people, and when I’m asked to present my ideas for solving certain societal or corporate issues, the leaders often comment on the wisdom contained in those ideas. What many of them don’t realize—especially at first—is that I have studied many of Yah’s integral principles. I can’t take credit for the wisdom. As a consultant, my role is to explain and expound upon these principles to them. When they first hear the principles, they think they are new and remarkable.
They are remarkable—but they are not new. Once more, they are long- established and time-tested.
If you study the Creator’s principles, you’ll become much wiser than many leaders today.
Consequently, if someone is having a problem with his company, and he asks me to serve as a consultant to address the issue, I often know exactly what to advise right away, because most problems involve violations of first laws—principles of ethics, principles of right relationships, principles of sound financial practices, and so forth. At times, I can identify most problems within a company in a matter of hours. Why? I’m not looking at personalities or agendas—I’m looking for the key principles the leaders and their employees are ignoring or rejecting.
If you understand principles, therefore, discovering solutions to a variety of concerns will become second nature. To return to the automobile analogy, suppose the fuel gauge of your car was below “E.” You wouldn’t have to wonder what to do in order to get your car to continue to function. The decision would be simple, because you would know the “principle.” Even if you didn’t know much about engines, you would know the most important law to apply in order to make your car run again: Put some gas in it. Likewise, in the moral arena, you don’t have to question how to respond when someone asks you to do something dishonest, reckless, vengeful, and so forth. When you know first laws, or principles, you know exactly what to do—and what not to do.
In the Corporate User’s Manual, the book of Proverbs gives much practical wisdom that we can apply in a number of situations. One passage, using an illustration from the natural world, addresses the perils of laziness and the rewards of working to provide for your own needs:
Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise! It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest. How long will you lie there, you sluggard? When will you get up from your sleep? A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest—and poverty will come on you like a bandit and scarcity like an armed man.7
In another section of the User’s Manual, Yahusha of Nazareth discusses our need to address our own shortcomings before trying to correct others’ faults:
Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? How can you say to your brother, “Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,” when you yourself fail to see the plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.8
Principles Enable Us to Fulfill Our Potential
Violating the Creator’s principles will also prevent us from reaching our full potential. If we follow His laws, we can fulfill our destiny. If we don’t, we will never reach it. For instance, the “destiny” of your car is to mobilize you and transport you safely to your destination. Yet, if you were to violate a key principle related to the vehicle—for example, if you were to continue operating the car after allowing the oil pan to run dry, so that you ruined the engine—you would have nullified the manufacturer’s promises about its functioning. Similarly, the success of your future depends on your obedience to key principles established by your Manufacturer—the Creator.
Obedience is not a negative word. In this sense, to obey merely means to follow proven principles. Suppose you were to place grain seeds on a clean tile floor. When you came back after a few days, you would see that they had not sprouted or taken root. They need to be planted in soil to do that. So, every time you plant seeds in the ground, you are submitting to the principle of growth established by the Creator. Likewise, when you adhere to His moral principles, you are submitting to a vital standard for fulfilling your personal potential as a leader. Remember that character ensures the longevity of leadership, and men and women of principle will leave important legacies and be remembered by future generations.
As we saw earlier, the process of applying a principle requires that you must first know what the principle is (for example, you have to know that your car requires fuel to function). Second, you must value, or accept, the principle (you become convinced of the need to put fuel into your car). Third, you must act on the principle (by actually putting fuel into your car’s gas tank). You would barely think about the process described in this illustration if you’d been around automobiles from the time you were a child, so that the process had become second nature. Nevertheless, each step is necessary, and we must realize that the process applies to the implementation of principles in many contexts.
Without First Laws, Life Is an Experiment
When people don’t know or obey first laws, they begin to experiment with foundational elements of human life, including values and morals. These substitute laws are “experiments” because the people promoting them have little understanding of what is going to happen to individuals and society if the new laws are promoted and practiced. Experimentation is beneficial and necessary in relation to scientific inquiry, creative endeavors, and so forth. But experimentation in moral matters is a dangerous practice.
Experimentation Leads to Distrust and Disillusionment
The average leader in the world today has not been trained in the Manufacturer’s principles, so he often has to make up his responses when confronted with societal issues and problems. This means that many of the leaders of your country are merely guessing about how to deal with national problems. So, your country’s future is, in essence, an experiment for them. They keep trying this policy and that policy, but few of them work.
One outcome of society’s experimentation with ethics has been people’s growing distrust of authority, leading to their disillusionment. When leaders of all walks of life lack character and experiment with principles, their constituents don’t have anyone they can really trust. By and large, in our society today, the younger generations don’t trust the older generations, and the older generations don’t trust the younger generations—or even themselves. Citizens don’t have confidence in their politicians, and politicians don’t have regard for the citizens. Parishioners don’t respect their priests and ministers, and the priests and ministers don’t esteem the parishioners. Likewise, students don’t respect their teachers, and the teachers don’t esteem their students.
This widespread distrust has resulted in varying degrees of apathy, compromise, permissiveness, sexual confusion, a devaluation of human life, and a culture of violence and death. Our experimentation must be replaced with the application of first laws in regard to the fundamental values of human life. Experimentation in moral matters is a dangerous practice.
Experimentation Leads to Lawlessness
We have seen that, in the optimal scenario, a country’s laws are based on values and standards by which the citizens in the national community have agreed to live. This is why a nation can reflect a national ethic. If the citizens value a certain standard, it becomes a law to them. If the individual citizens agree to abide by that law, they become moral. Their conduct, then, becomes ethical.
Yet this process has broken down today. Values and standards are often considered relative. People say things such as, “What’s right for you isn’t necessarily what’s right for me. Therefore, you can’t impose your standards on me.” This viewpoint can apply only so far, because our world was designed with fixed principles and moral absolutes, without which a society can’t function in a healthy way. And individuals must exercise personal responsibility in relation to these fixed principles and moral absolutes.
Experimentation in ethical issues results from not having—or acknowledging—moral references or parameters, so that nothing is “settled.” Instead, relativism and license take over. License contrasts with the freedom that is gained from following sound principles; it leads to lawlessness, which is a rejection of natural laws and standards. I believe that a spirit of lawlessness has affected every level of society today.
The only way to solve lawlessness is to restore character. Principled leaders are those who establish moral boundaries and set ethical “stakes.” We need people who will say, “This is what I believe,” and “This is the boundary. This is where we stand.”
Leaders who have not comprehended moral principles, or who have rejected them, have led us into lawlessness. It will take leaders who understand moral principles, who live by them, and who establish ethical policies to lead us back to lawfulness. Laws can help to create character as people adhere to them.
Many people say, “Governments cannot legislate morality.” I believe the opposite. Let us not be fooled into believing that political decisions and policies are morally neutral. Why? Because all decisions have moral implications, and therefore all governmental policies and laws are “moral”— they reflect the values and ethics of those who institute them. You can’t create a law that doesn’t reflect a moral code. And codes regulate conduct.
Yet, as we know, a society can be only as strong as the number of its members who value its laws and adhere to them personally.
Moral principles can be promoted in the context of any form of “government,” not just political entities. Such standards can be set by all types of leaders, on all levels—whether leaders of a family, a civic group, a university, a business, a nation, or another entity. Implementing some form of rules, policies, or codes of acceptable behavior is what all “governments” do.
Experimentation Leads to Loss and Destruction
When leaders try to implement principles that they have fabricated, and that are in opposition to the Manufacturer’s first laws, “malfunctions” will occur. To act in a way contrary to the User’s Manual is to risk damage to the “product.” Picture a lighthouse in a storm, with waves crashing high against it. The waves are in motion, but the lighthouse is stable; it is grounded. The principles given to us by the Creator are like lighthouses—they remain constant, and they provide light that guides us to solid ground.
To act in a way contrary to the Corporate User’s Manual is to risk damage to the “product.”
I was born in a very poor neighborhood in the Bahamas. My ten brothers and sisters and I slept on the floor of our two-bedroom wood house, the corners of which rested on four stones. In my neighborhood, questionable characters were always present, exerting a negative influence. But when I discovered the Creator’s principles, they not only changed the way I thought about myself, but they altered the course of my life. I recognized the potential within me and gained a vision for my life that has stayed with me to this day.
A number of my fellow classmates had great potential. However, many of our teachers would tell the students, “You are a failure. You’ll always be a failure, and nothing but a failure.” After some time, a lot of the students would finally believe it, and say, “There’s no use in trying. I’m just going to fail this exam, anyway, so I might as well not study.” Sadly, many did fail in school and never fulfilled their potential.
Other classmates’ lives went off track because they violated moral principles and laws. Some of them are in prison now. When I visit them, they say, “You’ve done well.” I reply, “I’ve just made some decisions that were different, that’s all.”
Whether a person consciously or unconsciously violates first laws, the result is decline and destruction. Most things in life aren’t killed; they die on their own. The Creator did not say to the first human beings, “If you disobey Me, I will kill you.” He said, in effect, “If you disobey this first principle, you will certainly die.”9 He knew the inevitable consequences of violating bedrock principles.
Destruction from within—whether it is within an individual, a family, a business, a church, a volunteer organization, a local community, or a country —is a sign of either a lack of awareness of first laws, a rejection of them, or both. Similarly, no matter what kind of crime someone may commit—a misdemeanor, a white-collar crime, or a violent crime—it is the result of a denial of principles.
If a leader does not know first laws and implement them, I can predict the future of his organization. You may be a leader who has been ignoring time- honored principles. Perhaps, by using your charisma and exhibiting enthusiasm, you have gotten people excited about following you and your vision. But, underneath, your foundation is not secure.
Your organization may grow at first. Yet when it gets to a certain size, it will stop expanding, because you haven’t applied the principles necessary for it to grow beyond that point. Corporate growth is not all about business plans, investments, and top-notch employees. You also have to conduct business honestly; make wise decisions; and hire people who have integrity, who have a passion for the corporate vision, and who value and support the contributions of all their coworkers.
Recommit to the Principles in the Corporate User’s Manual
It doesn’t make a difference what the current issues, trends, and fads may be —if you know and follow first laws, you will outlast temporal matters. Leaders of character do not live by transient movements or emotions but by solid principles. Again, emotions are part of the human makeup. However, leaders of character are not guided by how they feel on a particular day; they are guided by the principles that form their lifelong convictions and values.
No matter what type of leadership you exercise, don’t forget first laws! Perhaps you are a leader in a local, regional, or national government who is in a position to tackle contemporary problems and to help develop laws and civic programs. Or, maybe you are a leader in your business or organization who is in a position to develop corporate plans and to set policies. If you violate the Manufacturer’s principles, you will contribute to the weakening of your nation, your company, or your organization.
Leaders of character are guided by the principles that form their lifelong convictions and values.
Recommitting to first laws is like rebooting a stalled computer by pushing the reset button—it allows us to return to the “original mode” where we can function as we were intended to. By studying and implementing the principles in the User’s Manual, you will avoid moral compromise and ethical missteps. You will protect yourself from the negative effects that such mistakes inevitably have on other aspects of your life, including the exercise of your gifts and the realization of your potential. You will also gain much practical wisdom for leadership. You will be able to say, with the biblical writer, “I will walk about in freedom, for I have sought out your precepts.”10
TEMPTING YOUR CHARACTER
James Chapter 1
Today we are walking in: Tempting Your Character
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 10
Tempting Your Character
“Laws and principles are not for the times when there is no temptation: they are for such moments as this, when body and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour....If at my convenience I might break them, what would be their worth?”
—Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
On a trip to Israel, I toured a site where ancient artifacts from the Roman Empire were on display. In one area of the site, I noticed what looked like a large smelting pot, as well as pieces of metal, a broken sword, a broken dagger, and an intact sword. The guide at the site explained, “The Roman Empire had the most powerful army in the world. Practically no one defeated the Romans militarily. Why? They not only had superior strategy, but they also had superior weapons. And the reason Roman swords were so powerful is that they had been properly tempered.”
The guide then explained the tempering process. A Roman blacksmith would take iron ore and beat it on an anvil with a steel mallet to make it flat and even. Then, he would put the metal in a furnace. When the metal became red-hot from the fire, the blacksmith would be able to detect dark spots in it, which indicated areas of weakness. Wherever he saw a spot, he would hammer at it until he couldn’t see it anymore. Then, he’d take the glowing metal and thrust it in very cold water. This caused all the molecules in the metal to move close together, strengthening it.
After this, the blacksmith would take the sword out of the water and put it back in the fire. The metal would heat up again, and he would check the area where he had previously worked on the spot. If it was still there, he kept working at it until it was completely gone. Then, he’d put the sword back in the fire until it was glowing hot again, so he could identify the other weak areas. He would repeat this process until no more spots remained. In this way, the sword would repeatedly be subjected to a process that took it from burning fire to hammering to ice-cold water.
The guide said that whenever a blacksmith finished making a sword, he engraved his own name or mark on it. So, every Roman sword identified the person who had forged it. And every blacksmith who worked for the Roman army had a contract stipulating that if any of his swords broke, he could be put to death.
This guarantee that the sword would not break was crucial to the success and safety of the soldiers. They were going out into the world of battle. And when they were in the middle of the pressures of combat, they couldn’t afford to have their swords break. If they did, their lives could be jeopardized. The soldiers had to be able to place confidence in the strength and durability of their weapons. And the only way they could trust their swords was to know that they had gone through this “tempering” process.
Strengthened Through Trials
The verb temper may be defined as “to make stronger and more resilient through hardship.” The process of tempering swords may be compared to a process that is essential to the building of our character—this is the process of being tempted.
You may be thinking, What? Isn’t being tempted something to avoid?
We must realize that being tempted is not the same as succumbing to temptation. The process of temptation reveals what is genuine in our character and what is false, similar to the process of refining gold in fire, in which everything that isn’t pure gold is burned away. Believe me, friend: Every day of your life, your character will be tested! These tests are not for the purpose of defeating us but rather for strengthening us.
You probably already know many of your strengths, but are you aware of all your weaknesses? Each of us has weak areas in our character. And testing, or tempering, has much more to do with checking for our weaknesses than for our strengths. The Roman blacksmiths would start out with weak, porous pieces of metal when crafting their swords. That condition of the metal describes the inner state of human beings, who contend with the effects of fallen humanity. To be tempted is to be assessed for moral weaknesses —“spots”—in our character, so they can be removed, and so we can become leaders of principle. And as our character is strengthened, we will prove our trustworthiness to lead others.
To be tempted is to be assessed for moral weaknesses— “spots”—in our character, so they can be removed,
and so we can become leaders of principle.
Paul of Tarsus wrote the following to his first-century audience in Rome about the process of character building: “We also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us....”1 Isn’t that powerful? The Greek word for character in this passage indicates “the process or result of trial, proving, approval.”2 What a process! I consider it the secret to character development.
The word “sufferings” here can be equated to tests and challenges. Paul was saying that when we go through trials, we will build perseverance. To persevere means to bear up under pressure, so that we remain consistent and stable. We should view each temptation as an opportunity to strengthen the weak areas of our lives.
Resisting temptation and enduring in the midst of trials can seem like daunting tasks. However, as one biblical writer emphasized, “No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it.”3 We never know how strong or stable we are until we’re under real pressure. When life heats up in the course of various difficulties and trials, our weaknesses become exposed, allowing us to see them clearly. Instead of turning away from what we see, we must acknowledge those flaws. Then, to get back on the right track, we need to determine the appropriate ethical principle to apply and then align ourselves with it through personal discipline. We must allow the tempering process to train us. As we do, we will recommit ourselves to our convictions, values, and moral standards, strengthening our character.
Intentional Personal Development
Character is manifested when our values, principles, morals, and standards are tested. And life will give us plenty of tests. However, the challenges and trials that come to us from external forces will not address all of our weaknesses. Therefore, just as the blacksmith sought out the weak areas of the metal, character building involves self-evaluation. We should be intentional about assessing ourselves according to the established moral principles to which we have committed. Wherever we find a “spot,” we should work to eliminate it. When we have addressed a character flaw for a period of time, we should search for another. This can be hard work, but it is worth it!
As we have seen, our character cannot be developed unless we make a personal commitment to our convictions and moral standards. We also need to specifically state these convictions and standards—first to ourselves, and then to our families, our colleagues, our constituents, our communities, and so forth. This is when we make declarations such as, “I will/will not do such and such.” When you state your values, standards, and code of ethics to yourself, you reinforce your convictions and encourage personal discipline in relation to them. However, you must be aware that when you make a commitment to a moral standard and declare that you will uphold it, you give “life” the right to remind you of it in the tests and challenges it hands you. It’s as if life says, “You told me that you believe this—now prove it. I’m going to test you.”
When you state your values, standards,
and code of ethics to yourself, you reinforce your
convictions and encourage personal discipline.
Peter, one of Yahusha of Nazareth’s disciples—His leaders-in-training—said to Him, “I am ready to go with you to prison and to death.”4 In other words, “I will never compromise my values; I will never violate Your trust. In fact, I am willing to sacrifice my life for You.” Yahusha knew His disciple’s weaknesses. He explained to Peter that not only was he not yet committed to sacrifice for his beliefs by going to prison and to death, but he would even deny Him three times. That is why He previously told Peter, in effect, “The adversary (HaSatan) will try to sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you, so that you will retain your faith.” (In other words, I have prayed that your convictions will not collapse in the midst of your tests.) “Then, when you come through this, and your own character is strengthened, use this experience to help others strengthen their character.”5 When we fail life’s tests, we must learn from them. We must not give up our core beliefs and convictions but recommit to act in accordance with them.
There can be no “secret” or private moral codes in a leader’s life. There may be times when individuals need to strengthen their personal character for a season before announcing their convictions to the world, so that they won’t fail publicly if they have a number of character issues to work on. But, at some point, a leader’s convictions must become public knowledge. All great leaders face opposition to their convictions. They don’t experience this opposition by keeping their ethical values a secret. It happens because they commit to their values and express them openly, and because their words are reinforced by their actions.
Our character, then, is forged in the public declaration of our values and moral standards. Suppose Mahatma Gandhi had never spoken publicly of his convictions about the dignity and equality of all human beings. He might have earned a good living and had a fairly happy—and safe—life as a lawyer. However, he never would have achieved greatness by helping the people of his country to achieve self-rule.
As you’ve progressed through this series, have you become aware of your own ethical weaknesses? If so, that’s a good thing. Again, only when we see our ethical “spots” can we remove them. For example, you may be saying, “I have been compromising in my personal life. No more! I’m not going to date that person anymore. He is not encouraging me to hold to moral standards.” You shouldn’t be surprised if your new commitment is tested immediately. So, prepare yourself.
Years ago, a young woman came to me and said, “Dr. Munroe, I heard one of your teachings, and you were talking about how to set disciplines and standards for your life. I decided I was going to live that way, because I want to be an upright person.” Then she said that, the day after she made that commitment, an old boyfriend she hadn’t seen for twenty years just happened to get on the elevator she was riding. She told me, “And he was looking good! I’m forty-two years old and still single, and he made me a tempting offer.” This offer was not in keeping with moral standards, so I asked, “What did you do?” And she said, “I ran to you—help me!” I told her that, ultimately, no one else can assist us to keep our character. They can encourage us and challenge us, but we have to take responsibility for our actions and apply personal discipline.
Allowing life to expose our ethical flaws, and intentionally rooting out our weaknesses, are ongoing processes that make us more and more ethically resilient. This means that we’re always in one stage or another of development—we’re either hot, cold, or getting hammered at! When will our individual spots be fully pounded out? When we have proven to be trustworthy in the corresponding areas.
We’re always in one stage or another of development— we’re either hot, cold, or getting hammered at!
The Distinguishing Mark of Character
The following are several key concepts related to character development, or the “tempering” process:
The distinguishing mark of a leader is character.
The distinguishing mark of character is trustworthiness.
Trustworthiness is a product of stability established through tests over time.
A leader becomes trustworthy by staying consistent in character as he undergoes tests and trials over the course of time. Your trustworthiness is established when you have been tested over a long period—with such difficulties as changing circumstances, vocational challenges, personal crises, and temptations—and have either passed the tests or learned from them so you can pass them in the future.
Remember that a principled leader is fixed, predictable, and stable. Because a leader’s character is developed as he stays steady and strong through tests and trials, people trust him on the basis of the tests he has come through, not merely by what he says. If you lose the trust of your followers, you’ve lost your followers—period. That is why the ultimate pursuit of a leader should be character, not skill, power, influence, or anything else.
Whether we are fully aware of it or not, life tests us to see if we have developed such qualities as responsibleness, competence, loyalty, honesty, fairness, and goodwill. We don’t know what our true character is until it has been tested. We don’t know who we really are until we have been tempted to compromise.
Here are some of the areas in which our character will be tested:
1. Our commitment, or standards, in relation to
something or someone.
2. Our loyalty to our convictions when we are under pressure.
3. Our dedication to the values we promised we would never violate.
4. Our faithfulness to what is right and just.
5. Our honesty and integrity.
Our character cannot mature unless we are tested and tempted. We must accept the fact that the tempering process is necessary if we want to cultivate moral force. When we go through trials, we often wonder, “Why is this happening to me?” It’s part of our leadership training in character.
Establishing Trustworthiness
Yahusha of Nazareth experienced many tests and trials, and one of the most demanding was at the beginning of His public ministry, when He was thirty years old. Let us look at an account of what transpired, written by one of Yahusha’ disciples. It begins, “Then Yahusha was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted....”6 The word “Spirit” in this passage has a capital “S.” That means that Yah Himself led Yahusha into the desert to be tempted, or “tempered.” He tested His own Son for the purpose of trying His character. Let us continue the account:
After fasting forty days and forty nights [in the desert], [Yahusha] was hungry. The tempter came to him and said, “If you are the Son of Yah, tell these stones to become bread.” Yahusha answered, “It is written: ‘Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of Yah.’” Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. “If you are the Son of Yah,” he said, “throw yourself down. For it is written: ‘He will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.’” Yahusha answered him, “It is also written: ‘Do not put the Lord your Yah to the test.’” Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow down and worship me.” Yahusha said to him, “Away from me, HaSatan! For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your Yah, and serve him only.’”7
Yah’s enemy, HaSatan, is the enemy of humanity, as well. In the Bible, he is referred to variously as “the tempter,” “the devil,” and “the accuser,” and he, too, tests us for weakness. He did this with the first human beings when he told them the Creator was acting in an unjust way toward them and tempted them to violate a vital principle. As we discussed, the first man and woman failed this test.
Yah allows the tempter to test us as part of the tempering process, which is meant to show us our vulnerable areas so that we might seek to be strengthened and established in character. As the first-century writer James expressed, “When tempted, no one should say, ‘Yah is tempting me.’ For Yah cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone; but each one is tempted when, by his own evil desire, he is dragged away and enticed.”8
As the tempering process builds our character, we become more and more trustworthy. For instance, being criticized by other people is a test we all experience. Yet our critics can be among our greatest assets, because criticism always puts our character on trial for its authenticity and shows us the true state of our thoughts and attitudes.
HaSatan will not tempt us in the areas of our lives in which he knows we are strong. Rather, he tests us in the areas in which we are unstable or about which we are uncertain. And, every time we resist temptation in an area of weakness, we fortify that area with character. Suppose you are trying to break a bad habit. If, every time the habit attempts to assert itself, you “hammer” it, your character in that area will be strengthened. Eventually, you will overcome the habit and no longer be tempted in that area. But stay alert—the tempting will begin in a different area!
Our critics can be among our greatest assets, because criticism always puts our character on trial for its authenticity and shows us the true state of our thoughts and attitudes.
Here’s another example of a type of test that may come your way. Suppose you are returning to your home country after having traveled overseas. The customs officer asks you, “Do you have any goods to declare?” For five seconds, you feel the intense pressure of a test, because you are tempted to tell a lie so that you that won’t have to pay any customs duties. You think you might get away with it. Then you remember that one of the moral standards you have committed to is, “I will be honest in all my business dealings.” So, you say, “Yes, sir, I have several items to declare.”
Once, when I arrived home from a trip out of the country, I made my way to the customs desk at the airport. I am well-known in my nation, and the customs officer said, “That’s okay; you don’t need to declare that.” I replied, “No, it’s not okay. I don’t want you to give me any special treatment. Let me pay.”
A leader’s position and title do not exempt him from being honest. We don’t have the right to violate principles just because an opportunity to cut corners or make money illegally presents itself. Suppose you obtained a position as the head of a government department that awarded contracts in the areas of engineering and construction. You have three hundred million dollars in your budget. Suddenly, you experience intense pressure, because many of your friends and casual acquaintances begin to call you, asking to be granted contracts. But the hardest test comes when your uncle approaches you with a tear in his eye, telling you that things are financially tough, and he can’t pay his rent. He wants you to grant him a lucrative contract. You know he’s not qualified to be given a contract, and it would be a conflict of interest, but you are tempted to compromise your principles and misspend public funds for the sake of helping your father’s brother.
Let me emphasize that there is no one in the world for whom you should give up your integrity. In many instances, if you compromise your convictions to please someone else, you’ll be amazed at how little that person cares. He will use you, and then dismiss you. Or, he will leave you to pick up the pieces. Then, you will have to live with the fact that you compromised your moral standards. Again, leaders fail when they sacrifice their character on the altar of compromise.
Yahusha passed each one of the tempter’s tests without compromising His integrity. That doesn’t mean it wasn’t painful for Him to experience those tests. But His commitment was steadfast—He remained true to His values and principles, citing them in response to each argument of temptation made by HaSatan.
Note that in the process of trying to get Yahusha to violate His principles, HaSatan endeavored to make Yahusha doubt His position. The tempter also distorted the meaning of one of the principles Yah had established. The principle he twisted would have been valid in context, but he used it out of context. Yet, because Yahusha had a thorough knowledge of the Creator’s principles, He was able to see through the tempter’s deception and effectively refute him.
We must be aware that the same experience could happen to us. Other people—or the tempter himself—may try to make us doubt our position in Yah or twist the meaning of first laws in order to get us to compromise our beliefs and values. For example, someone may say, “The Bible says, ‘Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health, just as your soul prospers.’9 You’re supposed to prosper in all things, so what’s wrong with taking a little money under the table? Everyone does it!” To which you should reply, “The Bible also says, ‘You shall not steal.’”10
The temptations that Yahusha of Nazareth experienced in the desert reflect the three major types of temptations that all human beings experience in life: (1) The test of the appetites—such as for excess food and drink; illegal drugs and other addictive substances; and lust, or uncontrolled passion—whether physical or emotional; (2) the test of fame; and (3) the test of power. Every leader who has fallen has been snared by at least one of these three.
The three major types of temptations that all human beings experience are the test of the appetites, the test of fame, and the test of power.
The second temptation the tempter tried on Yahusha was essentially this: “Jump off the building and land like Superman! People will be dazzled, and You’ll be an instant success.” Leaders who rise quickly in fame, power, and/or fortune are often referred to as “overnight successes.”
I do believe in overnight success—if the “night” lasts about twenty-five years! Principled leaders usually go through a long process of character building and persevering in their leadership vision, during which they faithfully keep their commitments, pursue their goals, refine their skills, and develop their trustworthiness. This process leads to personal success that is grounded and lasting. However, many who become successful overnight end up instant failures not long afterward. Think of what happens to the majority of people who win the lottery. They squander their winnings quickly, and many are worse off than they were before they had wealth.
So, don’t jump from the pinnacle of the building. Instead, take the long walk that leads you through places of testing, where your character can be tried and proven. Then, you can come out on the other side as a successful leader, both personally and professionally, experiencing longevity and leaving a lasting legacy.
The Trust Exchange
We should never take our leadership role lightly, because people are observing us as we go through various tests and trials in the tempering process. They are watching our lives, our marriages, our attitudes, and our manner of conducting ourselves when we work. And if we become ethically shaky, or shadowy, in these areas, we will lose the most important gift a leader has—the trust of his followers.
The Currency of True Leadership Is Trust
In any economy, transactions between producers and consumers cannot occur without the exchange of some form of legitimate currency—money, goods, the promise of a percentage of profits, and so forth. Likewise, leaders must have the indispensable currency of trust in order to enter into corporate agreement with their followers and/or the members of their group. Trust is like an account that people make deposits into on our behalf, based on our character. Without the currency of trust, we cannot function as leaders. In fact, without trust, we have no leadership.
Trust Is the Product of Character
You cannot lead people who don’t trust you. As a leader, you must accept that fact right now, if you haven’t already done so. If people don’t trust you, they will ignore you, resist you, even sabotage your leadership. The account of trust that a leader has established between himself and his followers should be considered sacred. Accordingly, your personal decisions should be such that they protect the confidence your followers have placed in you. Otherwise, you could lose all the currency of trust you have accumulated to this point.
Your trust as a leader is earned and maintained by the consistency you exhibit as you go through various tests over time, such as we have been discussing in this teaching—tests of faithfulness, reliability, consistency, and so forth. People will observe how you go through various challenges and trials, in order to determine what your true character is. When they see that you stay steady, they will make a deposit of trust into your leadership account. When they see that you remain faithful, they will make another deposit. When you prove your reliability, they will place additional currency into your account. However, if you were to violate the people’s faith in you, you couldn’t buy their trust. Your account would probably have to be closed, because the deposits would stop immediately. You could no longer transact leadership business with your (former) followers.
Your trust as a leader is earned and maintained by the consistency you exhibit as you go through various tests over time. Character is moral force that convinces people you are someone who has earned the right to be heard and followed. In this way, great leadership is not attained by pursuing greatness but by persevering through great tests. Your character will be defined by the tests you have endured.
Let Your True Character Emerge
Right now—or sometime soon—you may feel as if you’ve had the heat turned up beneath you, followed by the impression that you are being hammered by trials, followed by the sensation of being plunged into an icy sea of trouble. If so, you may be experiencing one of the most significant periods of your life. Though you are being challenged, you can appreciate where the challenge will take you, now that you understand the tempering process. Tell yourself, “I’m going to make it through the fire, the pounding, and the freezing water!” Character is developed through pressure, demands, temptations, and resolve. It is my hope that, as your character undergoes various tests and trials, you will become a principled leader who makes a remarkable difference in your organization.
At times, life throws us some heavy disappointments. But we shouldn’t allow them to defeat us. In teaching 9, we looked at various illustrations of what it means to have fixed, predictable, stable character. One of those was the example of a statue, which provides us with another important image that corresponds to the tempering process.
As I said previously, the statue of Queen Victoria in Parliament Square in Nassau is carved out of solid marble. Yet what we must keep in mind is that the statue didn’t always look the way it does now. Before the sculptor created the image, it was “hidden” in a big block of rock. But I picture this artist walking around that block and saying, “There’s someone in there—I can see her clearly!” That’s because the artist could envision a beautiful piece of sculpture underneath the plain surface of the marble.
The same concept holds true for us. At times, we may not look like much to ourselves. We may become discouraged about the exercise of our leadership and the process of our character development, so that our vision of our future becomes blocked. But our Creator is saying, “There’s someone in there—I can see him clearly!” He sees our potential; He sees the promise He’s placed within us. He sees the finished product—a leader of character.
The only way the sculptor could prove the potential of that block of marble was to pick up a piece of steel and a heavy chisel and begin applying pressure, skillfully chipping away at the stone over the course of weeks and months. He had to keep working with that piece of marble so that “Queen Victoria” could emerge. If the developing statue could feel and speak, she’d say it was a painful process. As the fragments were chiseled away, she would have called out, “Stop! That hurts!” When big chunks fell off, she would have thought, I’m not going to survive this!
Similarly, there are times when we experience sustained periods of difficulty, when everything seems to be falling apart in our lives. We feel pressure that is so intense, it’s as if we’re being shown no mercy. We think, This isn’t fair! At such times, we must let our beliefs, convictions, and values tell us, “Stay steady; hold on.”
Then—bam!—life will hit us again, and we’ll say, “I don’t think I’m going to survive!” But that’s the point when we must allow our moral discipline to reply, “You’re going to be okay. You are still standing.” Sometimes, when big “pieces” drop from our own lives—jobs, close relationships, comfortable positions—we feel like we’re losing part of ourselves. However, we must let our character say, “That aspect of your life was holding you back, and you needed to be free of it to emerge a true leader.”
“Queen Victoria” endured much chiseling and the loss of what surrounded her—but for the purpose of becoming a beautiful sculpture. We, too, are “artistic projects” of our Creator. For too long, we’ve been hiding underneath our character flaws. Yet the process of character development will reveal who we really are—who we were always meant to be. We were created to be strong, steady, and noble leaders, fulfilling our purpose and vision with excellence.
Sometimes, people have not yet reached their leadership goals because their character needs to be developed more first. They will arrive at their destination if they persevere. Some people want to be in the public eye too soon, when there are still negative “chunks” of their lives that need to fall away. I’ve gone through more than four decades of being “chiseled” and having the excess “rock” broken off of my life. This ongoing process has given me stability; it has caused me to become established in my life and leadership.
So, be grateful for the chiseling and the hammering—the trials and tribulations of life. Give thanks for the process of tempering. Allow every stress, problem, and challenging circumstance to further prepare you to fulfill your leadership vision.
Today we are walking in: Tempting Your Character
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 10
Tempting Your Character
“Laws and principles are not for the times when there is no temptation: they are for such moments as this, when body and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour....If at my convenience I might break them, what would be their worth?”
—Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
On a trip to Israel, I toured a site where ancient artifacts from the Roman Empire were on display. In one area of the site, I noticed what looked like a large smelting pot, as well as pieces of metal, a broken sword, a broken dagger, and an intact sword. The guide at the site explained, “The Roman Empire had the most powerful army in the world. Practically no one defeated the Romans militarily. Why? They not only had superior strategy, but they also had superior weapons. And the reason Roman swords were so powerful is that they had been properly tempered.”
The guide then explained the tempering process. A Roman blacksmith would take iron ore and beat it on an anvil with a steel mallet to make it flat and even. Then, he would put the metal in a furnace. When the metal became red-hot from the fire, the blacksmith would be able to detect dark spots in it, which indicated areas of weakness. Wherever he saw a spot, he would hammer at it until he couldn’t see it anymore. Then, he’d take the glowing metal and thrust it in very cold water. This caused all the molecules in the metal to move close together, strengthening it.
After this, the blacksmith would take the sword out of the water and put it back in the fire. The metal would heat up again, and he would check the area where he had previously worked on the spot. If it was still there, he kept working at it until it was completely gone. Then, he’d put the sword back in the fire until it was glowing hot again, so he could identify the other weak areas. He would repeat this process until no more spots remained. In this way, the sword would repeatedly be subjected to a process that took it from burning fire to hammering to ice-cold water.
The guide said that whenever a blacksmith finished making a sword, he engraved his own name or mark on it. So, every Roman sword identified the person who had forged it. And every blacksmith who worked for the Roman army had a contract stipulating that if any of his swords broke, he could be put to death.
This guarantee that the sword would not break was crucial to the success and safety of the soldiers. They were going out into the world of battle. And when they were in the middle of the pressures of combat, they couldn’t afford to have their swords break. If they did, their lives could be jeopardized. The soldiers had to be able to place confidence in the strength and durability of their weapons. And the only way they could trust their swords was to know that they had gone through this “tempering” process.
Strengthened Through Trials
The verb temper may be defined as “to make stronger and more resilient through hardship.” The process of tempering swords may be compared to a process that is essential to the building of our character—this is the process of being tempted.
You may be thinking, What? Isn’t being tempted something to avoid?
We must realize that being tempted is not the same as succumbing to temptation. The process of temptation reveals what is genuine in our character and what is false, similar to the process of refining gold in fire, in which everything that isn’t pure gold is burned away. Believe me, friend: Every day of your life, your character will be tested! These tests are not for the purpose of defeating us but rather for strengthening us.
You probably already know many of your strengths, but are you aware of all your weaknesses? Each of us has weak areas in our character. And testing, or tempering, has much more to do with checking for our weaknesses than for our strengths. The Roman blacksmiths would start out with weak, porous pieces of metal when crafting their swords. That condition of the metal describes the inner state of human beings, who contend with the effects of fallen humanity. To be tempted is to be assessed for moral weaknesses —“spots”—in our character, so they can be removed, and so we can become leaders of principle. And as our character is strengthened, we will prove our trustworthiness to lead others.
To be tempted is to be assessed for moral weaknesses— “spots”—in our character, so they can be removed,
and so we can become leaders of principle.
Paul of Tarsus wrote the following to his first-century audience in Rome about the process of character building: “We also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us....”1 Isn’t that powerful? The Greek word for character in this passage indicates “the process or result of trial, proving, approval.”2 What a process! I consider it the secret to character development.
The word “sufferings” here can be equated to tests and challenges. Paul was saying that when we go through trials, we will build perseverance. To persevere means to bear up under pressure, so that we remain consistent and stable. We should view each temptation as an opportunity to strengthen the weak areas of our lives.
Resisting temptation and enduring in the midst of trials can seem like daunting tasks. However, as one biblical writer emphasized, “No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it.”3 We never know how strong or stable we are until we’re under real pressure. When life heats up in the course of various difficulties and trials, our weaknesses become exposed, allowing us to see them clearly. Instead of turning away from what we see, we must acknowledge those flaws. Then, to get back on the right track, we need to determine the appropriate ethical principle to apply and then align ourselves with it through personal discipline. We must allow the tempering process to train us. As we do, we will recommit ourselves to our convictions, values, and moral standards, strengthening our character.
Intentional Personal Development
Character is manifested when our values, principles, morals, and standards are tested. And life will give us plenty of tests. However, the challenges and trials that come to us from external forces will not address all of our weaknesses. Therefore, just as the blacksmith sought out the weak areas of the metal, character building involves self-evaluation. We should be intentional about assessing ourselves according to the established moral principles to which we have committed. Wherever we find a “spot,” we should work to eliminate it. When we have addressed a character flaw for a period of time, we should search for another. This can be hard work, but it is worth it!
As we have seen, our character cannot be developed unless we make a personal commitment to our convictions and moral standards. We also need to specifically state these convictions and standards—first to ourselves, and then to our families, our colleagues, our constituents, our communities, and so forth. This is when we make declarations such as, “I will/will not do such and such.” When you state your values, standards, and code of ethics to yourself, you reinforce your convictions and encourage personal discipline in relation to them. However, you must be aware that when you make a commitment to a moral standard and declare that you will uphold it, you give “life” the right to remind you of it in the tests and challenges it hands you. It’s as if life says, “You told me that you believe this—now prove it. I’m going to test you.”
When you state your values, standards,
and code of ethics to yourself, you reinforce your
convictions and encourage personal discipline.
Peter, one of Yahusha of Nazareth’s disciples—His leaders-in-training—said to Him, “I am ready to go with you to prison and to death.”4 In other words, “I will never compromise my values; I will never violate Your trust. In fact, I am willing to sacrifice my life for You.” Yahusha knew His disciple’s weaknesses. He explained to Peter that not only was he not yet committed to sacrifice for his beliefs by going to prison and to death, but he would even deny Him three times. That is why He previously told Peter, in effect, “The adversary (HaSatan) will try to sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you, so that you will retain your faith.” (In other words, I have prayed that your convictions will not collapse in the midst of your tests.) “Then, when you come through this, and your own character is strengthened, use this experience to help others strengthen their character.”5 When we fail life’s tests, we must learn from them. We must not give up our core beliefs and convictions but recommit to act in accordance with them.
There can be no “secret” or private moral codes in a leader’s life. There may be times when individuals need to strengthen their personal character for a season before announcing their convictions to the world, so that they won’t fail publicly if they have a number of character issues to work on. But, at some point, a leader’s convictions must become public knowledge. All great leaders face opposition to their convictions. They don’t experience this opposition by keeping their ethical values a secret. It happens because they commit to their values and express them openly, and because their words are reinforced by their actions.
Our character, then, is forged in the public declaration of our values and moral standards. Suppose Mahatma Gandhi had never spoken publicly of his convictions about the dignity and equality of all human beings. He might have earned a good living and had a fairly happy—and safe—life as a lawyer. However, he never would have achieved greatness by helping the people of his country to achieve self-rule.
As you’ve progressed through this series, have you become aware of your own ethical weaknesses? If so, that’s a good thing. Again, only when we see our ethical “spots” can we remove them. For example, you may be saying, “I have been compromising in my personal life. No more! I’m not going to date that person anymore. He is not encouraging me to hold to moral standards.” You shouldn’t be surprised if your new commitment is tested immediately. So, prepare yourself.
Years ago, a young woman came to me and said, “Dr. Munroe, I heard one of your teachings, and you were talking about how to set disciplines and standards for your life. I decided I was going to live that way, because I want to be an upright person.” Then she said that, the day after she made that commitment, an old boyfriend she hadn’t seen for twenty years just happened to get on the elevator she was riding. She told me, “And he was looking good! I’m forty-two years old and still single, and he made me a tempting offer.” This offer was not in keeping with moral standards, so I asked, “What did you do?” And she said, “I ran to you—help me!” I told her that, ultimately, no one else can assist us to keep our character. They can encourage us and challenge us, but we have to take responsibility for our actions and apply personal discipline.
Allowing life to expose our ethical flaws, and intentionally rooting out our weaknesses, are ongoing processes that make us more and more ethically resilient. This means that we’re always in one stage or another of development—we’re either hot, cold, or getting hammered at! When will our individual spots be fully pounded out? When we have proven to be trustworthy in the corresponding areas.
We’re always in one stage or another of development— we’re either hot, cold, or getting hammered at!
The Distinguishing Mark of Character
The following are several key concepts related to character development, or the “tempering” process:
The distinguishing mark of a leader is character.
The distinguishing mark of character is trustworthiness.
Trustworthiness is a product of stability established through tests over time.
A leader becomes trustworthy by staying consistent in character as he undergoes tests and trials over the course of time. Your trustworthiness is established when you have been tested over a long period—with such difficulties as changing circumstances, vocational challenges, personal crises, and temptations—and have either passed the tests or learned from them so you can pass them in the future.
Remember that a principled leader is fixed, predictable, and stable. Because a leader’s character is developed as he stays steady and strong through tests and trials, people trust him on the basis of the tests he has come through, not merely by what he says. If you lose the trust of your followers, you’ve lost your followers—period. That is why the ultimate pursuit of a leader should be character, not skill, power, influence, or anything else.
Whether we are fully aware of it or not, life tests us to see if we have developed such qualities as responsibleness, competence, loyalty, honesty, fairness, and goodwill. We don’t know what our true character is until it has been tested. We don’t know who we really are until we have been tempted to compromise.
Here are some of the areas in which our character will be tested:
1. Our commitment, or standards, in relation to
something or someone.
2. Our loyalty to our convictions when we are under pressure.
3. Our dedication to the values we promised we would never violate.
4. Our faithfulness to what is right and just.
5. Our honesty and integrity.
Our character cannot mature unless we are tested and tempted. We must accept the fact that the tempering process is necessary if we want to cultivate moral force. When we go through trials, we often wonder, “Why is this happening to me?” It’s part of our leadership training in character.
Establishing Trustworthiness
Yahusha of Nazareth experienced many tests and trials, and one of the most demanding was at the beginning of His public ministry, when He was thirty years old. Let us look at an account of what transpired, written by one of Yahusha’ disciples. It begins, “Then Yahusha was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted....”6 The word “Spirit” in this passage has a capital “S.” That means that Yah Himself led Yahusha into the desert to be tempted, or “tempered.” He tested His own Son for the purpose of trying His character. Let us continue the account:
After fasting forty days and forty nights [in the desert], [Yahusha] was hungry. The tempter came to him and said, “If you are the Son of Yah, tell these stones to become bread.” Yahusha answered, “It is written: ‘Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of Yah.’” Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. “If you are the Son of Yah,” he said, “throw yourself down. For it is written: ‘He will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.’” Yahusha answered him, “It is also written: ‘Do not put the Lord your Yah to the test.’” Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow down and worship me.” Yahusha said to him, “Away from me, HaSatan! For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your Yah, and serve him only.’”7
Yah’s enemy, HaSatan, is the enemy of humanity, as well. In the Bible, he is referred to variously as “the tempter,” “the devil,” and “the accuser,” and he, too, tests us for weakness. He did this with the first human beings when he told them the Creator was acting in an unjust way toward them and tempted them to violate a vital principle. As we discussed, the first man and woman failed this test.
Yah allows the tempter to test us as part of the tempering process, which is meant to show us our vulnerable areas so that we might seek to be strengthened and established in character. As the first-century writer James expressed, “When tempted, no one should say, ‘Yah is tempting me.’ For Yah cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone; but each one is tempted when, by his own evil desire, he is dragged away and enticed.”8
As the tempering process builds our character, we become more and more trustworthy. For instance, being criticized by other people is a test we all experience. Yet our critics can be among our greatest assets, because criticism always puts our character on trial for its authenticity and shows us the true state of our thoughts and attitudes.
HaSatan will not tempt us in the areas of our lives in which he knows we are strong. Rather, he tests us in the areas in which we are unstable or about which we are uncertain. And, every time we resist temptation in an area of weakness, we fortify that area with character. Suppose you are trying to break a bad habit. If, every time the habit attempts to assert itself, you “hammer” it, your character in that area will be strengthened. Eventually, you will overcome the habit and no longer be tempted in that area. But stay alert—the tempting will begin in a different area!
Our critics can be among our greatest assets, because criticism always puts our character on trial for its authenticity and shows us the true state of our thoughts and attitudes.
Here’s another example of a type of test that may come your way. Suppose you are returning to your home country after having traveled overseas. The customs officer asks you, “Do you have any goods to declare?” For five seconds, you feel the intense pressure of a test, because you are tempted to tell a lie so that you that won’t have to pay any customs duties. You think you might get away with it. Then you remember that one of the moral standards you have committed to is, “I will be honest in all my business dealings.” So, you say, “Yes, sir, I have several items to declare.”
Once, when I arrived home from a trip out of the country, I made my way to the customs desk at the airport. I am well-known in my nation, and the customs officer said, “That’s okay; you don’t need to declare that.” I replied, “No, it’s not okay. I don’t want you to give me any special treatment. Let me pay.”
A leader’s position and title do not exempt him from being honest. We don’t have the right to violate principles just because an opportunity to cut corners or make money illegally presents itself. Suppose you obtained a position as the head of a government department that awarded contracts in the areas of engineering and construction. You have three hundred million dollars in your budget. Suddenly, you experience intense pressure, because many of your friends and casual acquaintances begin to call you, asking to be granted contracts. But the hardest test comes when your uncle approaches you with a tear in his eye, telling you that things are financially tough, and he can’t pay his rent. He wants you to grant him a lucrative contract. You know he’s not qualified to be given a contract, and it would be a conflict of interest, but you are tempted to compromise your principles and misspend public funds for the sake of helping your father’s brother.
Let me emphasize that there is no one in the world for whom you should give up your integrity. In many instances, if you compromise your convictions to please someone else, you’ll be amazed at how little that person cares. He will use you, and then dismiss you. Or, he will leave you to pick up the pieces. Then, you will have to live with the fact that you compromised your moral standards. Again, leaders fail when they sacrifice their character on the altar of compromise.
Yahusha passed each one of the tempter’s tests without compromising His integrity. That doesn’t mean it wasn’t painful for Him to experience those tests. But His commitment was steadfast—He remained true to His values and principles, citing them in response to each argument of temptation made by HaSatan.
Note that in the process of trying to get Yahusha to violate His principles, HaSatan endeavored to make Yahusha doubt His position. The tempter also distorted the meaning of one of the principles Yah had established. The principle he twisted would have been valid in context, but he used it out of context. Yet, because Yahusha had a thorough knowledge of the Creator’s principles, He was able to see through the tempter’s deception and effectively refute him.
We must be aware that the same experience could happen to us. Other people—or the tempter himself—may try to make us doubt our position in Yah or twist the meaning of first laws in order to get us to compromise our beliefs and values. For example, someone may say, “The Bible says, ‘Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health, just as your soul prospers.’9 You’re supposed to prosper in all things, so what’s wrong with taking a little money under the table? Everyone does it!” To which you should reply, “The Bible also says, ‘You shall not steal.’”10
The temptations that Yahusha of Nazareth experienced in the desert reflect the three major types of temptations that all human beings experience in life: (1) The test of the appetites—such as for excess food and drink; illegal drugs and other addictive substances; and lust, or uncontrolled passion—whether physical or emotional; (2) the test of fame; and (3) the test of power. Every leader who has fallen has been snared by at least one of these three.
The three major types of temptations that all human beings experience are the test of the appetites, the test of fame, and the test of power.
The second temptation the tempter tried on Yahusha was essentially this: “Jump off the building and land like Superman! People will be dazzled, and You’ll be an instant success.” Leaders who rise quickly in fame, power, and/or fortune are often referred to as “overnight successes.”
I do believe in overnight success—if the “night” lasts about twenty-five years! Principled leaders usually go through a long process of character building and persevering in their leadership vision, during which they faithfully keep their commitments, pursue their goals, refine their skills, and develop their trustworthiness. This process leads to personal success that is grounded and lasting. However, many who become successful overnight end up instant failures not long afterward. Think of what happens to the majority of people who win the lottery. They squander their winnings quickly, and many are worse off than they were before they had wealth.
So, don’t jump from the pinnacle of the building. Instead, take the long walk that leads you through places of testing, where your character can be tried and proven. Then, you can come out on the other side as a successful leader, both personally and professionally, experiencing longevity and leaving a lasting legacy.
The Trust Exchange
We should never take our leadership role lightly, because people are observing us as we go through various tests and trials in the tempering process. They are watching our lives, our marriages, our attitudes, and our manner of conducting ourselves when we work. And if we become ethically shaky, or shadowy, in these areas, we will lose the most important gift a leader has—the trust of his followers.
The Currency of True Leadership Is Trust
In any economy, transactions between producers and consumers cannot occur without the exchange of some form of legitimate currency—money, goods, the promise of a percentage of profits, and so forth. Likewise, leaders must have the indispensable currency of trust in order to enter into corporate agreement with their followers and/or the members of their group. Trust is like an account that people make deposits into on our behalf, based on our character. Without the currency of trust, we cannot function as leaders. In fact, without trust, we have no leadership.
Trust Is the Product of Character
You cannot lead people who don’t trust you. As a leader, you must accept that fact right now, if you haven’t already done so. If people don’t trust you, they will ignore you, resist you, even sabotage your leadership. The account of trust that a leader has established between himself and his followers should be considered sacred. Accordingly, your personal decisions should be such that they protect the confidence your followers have placed in you. Otherwise, you could lose all the currency of trust you have accumulated to this point.
Your trust as a leader is earned and maintained by the consistency you exhibit as you go through various tests over time, such as we have been discussing in this teaching—tests of faithfulness, reliability, consistency, and so forth. People will observe how you go through various challenges and trials, in order to determine what your true character is. When they see that you stay steady, they will make a deposit of trust into your leadership account. When they see that you remain faithful, they will make another deposit. When you prove your reliability, they will place additional currency into your account. However, if you were to violate the people’s faith in you, you couldn’t buy their trust. Your account would probably have to be closed, because the deposits would stop immediately. You could no longer transact leadership business with your (former) followers.
Your trust as a leader is earned and maintained by the consistency you exhibit as you go through various tests over time. Character is moral force that convinces people you are someone who has earned the right to be heard and followed. In this way, great leadership is not attained by pursuing greatness but by persevering through great tests. Your character will be defined by the tests you have endured.
Let Your True Character Emerge
Right now—or sometime soon—you may feel as if you’ve had the heat turned up beneath you, followed by the impression that you are being hammered by trials, followed by the sensation of being plunged into an icy sea of trouble. If so, you may be experiencing one of the most significant periods of your life. Though you are being challenged, you can appreciate where the challenge will take you, now that you understand the tempering process. Tell yourself, “I’m going to make it through the fire, the pounding, and the freezing water!” Character is developed through pressure, demands, temptations, and resolve. It is my hope that, as your character undergoes various tests and trials, you will become a principled leader who makes a remarkable difference in your organization.
At times, life throws us some heavy disappointments. But we shouldn’t allow them to defeat us. In teaching 9, we looked at various illustrations of what it means to have fixed, predictable, stable character. One of those was the example of a statue, which provides us with another important image that corresponds to the tempering process.
As I said previously, the statue of Queen Victoria in Parliament Square in Nassau is carved out of solid marble. Yet what we must keep in mind is that the statue didn’t always look the way it does now. Before the sculptor created the image, it was “hidden” in a big block of rock. But I picture this artist walking around that block and saying, “There’s someone in there—I can see her clearly!” That’s because the artist could envision a beautiful piece of sculpture underneath the plain surface of the marble.
The same concept holds true for us. At times, we may not look like much to ourselves. We may become discouraged about the exercise of our leadership and the process of our character development, so that our vision of our future becomes blocked. But our Creator is saying, “There’s someone in there—I can see him clearly!” He sees our potential; He sees the promise He’s placed within us. He sees the finished product—a leader of character.
The only way the sculptor could prove the potential of that block of marble was to pick up a piece of steel and a heavy chisel and begin applying pressure, skillfully chipping away at the stone over the course of weeks and months. He had to keep working with that piece of marble so that “Queen Victoria” could emerge. If the developing statue could feel and speak, she’d say it was a painful process. As the fragments were chiseled away, she would have called out, “Stop! That hurts!” When big chunks fell off, she would have thought, I’m not going to survive this!
Similarly, there are times when we experience sustained periods of difficulty, when everything seems to be falling apart in our lives. We feel pressure that is so intense, it’s as if we’re being shown no mercy. We think, This isn’t fair! At such times, we must let our beliefs, convictions, and values tell us, “Stay steady; hold on.”
Then—bam!—life will hit us again, and we’ll say, “I don’t think I’m going to survive!” But that’s the point when we must allow our moral discipline to reply, “You’re going to be okay. You are still standing.” Sometimes, when big “pieces” drop from our own lives—jobs, close relationships, comfortable positions—we feel like we’re losing part of ourselves. However, we must let our character say, “That aspect of your life was holding you back, and you needed to be free of it to emerge a true leader.”
“Queen Victoria” endured much chiseling and the loss of what surrounded her—but for the purpose of becoming a beautiful sculpture. We, too, are “artistic projects” of our Creator. For too long, we’ve been hiding underneath our character flaws. Yet the process of character development will reveal who we really are—who we were always meant to be. We were created to be strong, steady, and noble leaders, fulfilling our purpose and vision with excellence.
Sometimes, people have not yet reached their leadership goals because their character needs to be developed more first. They will arrive at their destination if they persevere. Some people want to be in the public eye too soon, when there are still negative “chunks” of their lives that need to fall away. I’ve gone through more than four decades of being “chiseled” and having the excess “rock” broken off of my life. This ongoing process has given me stability; it has caused me to become established in my life and leadership.
So, be grateful for the chiseling and the hammering—the trials and tribulations of life. Give thanks for the process of tempering. Allow every stress, problem, and challenging circumstance to further prepare you to fulfill your leadership vision.
Tuesday, August 20, 2024
KEY CONCEPTS OF CHARACTER
Psalm chapter 1
Today we are walking in: Key Concepts of Character
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 9
Key Concepts of Character
“We manifest character when self-sacrifice for the sake of our principles becomes more important to us than compromise for the sake of popularity.”
—Dr. Myles Munroe
This section of the series focuses on how we can actively engage in personal character development. Let’s set the stage by talking about storytelling. In novels, screenplays, and other forms of fictional narratives, there is an element called the “character arc.” Usually, the hero starts out in one situation, having a particular mind-set about his life.
After progressing through a series of events and challenges while attempting to reach a personal goal, he ends up in a new place in his life, with a changed perspective. The “arc” refers to the protagonist’s personal transformation as he journeys from where he was at the beginning of the story to where he arrives at its conclusion.
Following the Character Arc
For example, in the classic film On the Waterfront, the main character, Terry, played by Marlin Brando, begins his character arc as a washed-up boxer who is intimidated by the corrupt union boss he works for. The boss, who has ties to the mob, exploits the longshoremen, and Terry is told to put pressure on one of the men who is trying to expose his corruption. Terry is shocked when the encounter leads to the man’s death. Although the incident deepens his low opinion of himself, Terry finds himself falling in love with the sister of the dead man.
The union boss orders the murder of Terry’s brother, who refused to kill Terry at the boss’s order. At this point, the demoralized former boxer summons the courage to stand up to the boss in defense of the oppressed longshoremen. He proves his willingness to sacrifice for his newfound convictions when he is severely beaten up and almost killed. By the end of the story, completing the character arc, Terry has discovered a strength and resilience within himself that he never would have thought possible in his “old life.” In the process of his trials, he becomes a leader among his peers and someone who has demonstrated true character.
Like the protagonist in a story, you, too, will experience a “character arc” as you develop and refine your moral standards and principles, so that you can be transformed personally and professionally. In fact, you will progress through many “character arcs,” since the process of character development is ongoing. A novel or screenplay may cover only a small portion of a protagonist’s life. The story may take place over a matter of days or weeks, and that period of the character’s life is all we learn about him. However, in “real life,” the hero would encounter a number of other challenges that would take place after the events of the story have ended.
In this teaching, we will look at several practical illustrations and key concepts of character that we have examined throughout this series. This will lead us to teaching 10, in which we will explore in greater depth the secret to successful character development.
Illustrations of Character
The English word character comes from a Latin word meaning “mark,” or “distinctive quality.” As we have seen, our character is what marks, defines, and identifies us. And we’ve been asking ourselves, “What distinctive qualities identify me? Are they positive or negative?” Genuine character includes the following features: It is (1) fixed, or set, (2) predictable, and (3) stable.
1. Character Is Fixed, or Set
Most people are familiar with the saying, “Every man has his price.” This idea implies that every person has a point at which he will compromise his moral standards to gain something else that is a higher priority to him. Some of the usual candidates are money, fame, and power. But if we want to be leaders of character, we have to stop accepting this notion—right now. There’s no “price” for a leader of character that will cause him to compromise his standards, because his principles are his life. All leaders of character are therefore “set in their ways,” ethically speaking.
There’s no “price” for a leader of character that will cause him to compromise his standards.
The fixed quality of character may be illustrated by elements whose intrinsic quality is to be unchanging, or absolute. For example, the letters of the alphabet within a particular language are fixed. (Each letter is also called a “character,” in reference to being a “mark.”) For instance, A is always A. It will never turn into C. The same property is true for all of the letters of the alphabet. The meanings of the individual letters do not change. If they were not set, the system of using them to communicate meaning among people who share a common language would fail. It would lead to mass confusion.
Moreover, a number of languages in the world share some or all of the basic Latin alphabet. For example, the French and Portuguese languages use the identical twenty-six letters of the alphabet that the English language does. The Spanish language adds only one letter. The pronunciation of the letters differs, but the fact that the alphabets are fundamentally equivalent simplifies the process of learning these related languages. Similarly, moral absolutes give people solid parameters that enable them to understand the world they live in and to interact with others in a meaningful way.
Numerals are another example of the fixed nature of character. The number 1 is always 1. It will never change to become 2. And so on, up to infinity. In nations across the globe, the properties and functions of numbers are used in exactly the same way.
An additional example of the set nature of character is that of physical laws. As we discussed in a previous teaching, the Creator’s moral principles function in a parallel way to His physical laws, such as gravity—they are unchanging, and they apply to all of us.
Let’s conclude this section by looking at a final illustration taken from the properties of a commonly used building material—cement. If cement is wet, it is malleable, enabling you to form a specific shape—often adding other materials to it first—using a mold. For instance, you might use it to make sections of a concrete sidewalk or concrete building blocks.
However, once cement hardens, or sets, you can’t reshape it. If you want to make something different, you need to start with fresh cement. I heard a story about some cement workers who forgot to keep the drum of their large cement mixer rotating. By the time they realized their error, the cement in the drum had completely dried, and they knew there was nothing they could do to salvage it. The cement was now set and unchangeable. Those workers had to spend hours using sledgehammers to remove all the dried cement from the drum so it could be used again.
When cement is set—hopefully, as intended—you know that the sidewalk, concrete blocks, or whatever else you have formed will be solid and secure. Likewise, a person with character is “set” in the sense that he cannot be changed from holding to his established convictions and standards. Suppose someone offered you cash under the table to look the other way in an illegal business transaction, and said, “Just pretend you didn’t see this. Let it go.” If you agree to look the other way, your character is not “set.” Your values are still malleable. But if you refuse, your character is solid and secure. That is why we must learn to exercise the kind of personal discipline that will say, “I cannot do this. It’s against my convictions.”
2. Character Is Predictable
In teaching 7, we discussed several attributes of the Creator, one of which is that He is always “predictable.” To be predictable is to be consistently responsible and trustworthy. We can rely on Yah because He is not one thing one day and another thing the next.
Would you say that your conduct is predictable or unpredictable? For example, is your temperament consistent? Do your family members and coworkers have to walk around on tiptoe when they see you because they don’t know how you will react to them on a given day? Do they have to warn others, “Watch out—he’s in a bad mood today!” One biblical writer described Yahusha of Nazareth as “the same yesterday and today and forever.”1 That is the way our character should be. Moreover, when we demonstrate that we are reliable, we give other people a sense of security and well-being.
A principled leader is predictable to the point that his character speaks for him in his absence. That is to say, people know him so well that they could vouch for what he would or would not do in a given situation—and be totally accurate. Consequently, as one gauge of how strong your character is, you might ask several people you trust to give you an honest assessment of what they think your conduct would be under various scenarios. Use that information to help you form and strengthen your character.
A principled leader is predictable to the point that his character speaks for him in his absence.
3. Character Is Stable
As we noted earlier, one consequence of humanity’s loss of true character was instability. The first-century writer James said that a double-minded man is unstable in everything that he does.2 I think James was saying that if a person has a character defect in one area, he will inevitably have character flaws in other areas, as well. And it’s hard to trust a person who keeps vacillating.
Instead, when we walk with integrity, our good character can flow evenly in all areas of our life. Yahusha of Nazareth told a concise parable describing how the nature of the Creator is meant to fill us. He said that the kingdom of Yah is “like yeast that a woman took and mixed into a large amount of flour until it worked all through the dough.”3 Character must “work its way” through every part of us, so that we can consistently manifest it to others.
Another excellent illustration of the stability of character is that of a statue. Perhaps you have a favorite statue—the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor; the “Christ the Redeemer” statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Michelangelo’s David in Florence, Italy; or a statue in your community. One of my favorite statues is of Queen Victoria, located in Parliament Square in downtown Nassau, Bahamas. The statue is carved completely of marble, and the famous queen is depicted as a young woman, sitting with a royal scepter and a sword, wearing a crown and flowing robes, and smiling serenely.
The statue was placed in the square in 1905, so I’ve never known a time when it wasn’t there. Because it has remained unchanged for decades, it always reminds me of the stability and resilience of character. I see this statue frequently in my comings and goings, and no matter what the weather conditions, the statue does not appear altered. It could be a day when the temperature reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and everyone in town is wilting from the heat, but “Victoria” continues to smile. During the rainy season, the downpours are so heavy at times that you can hardly see in front of you. The rain comes down like lead, and it beats on the statue, but she smiles through it all. That statue has also been through every hurricane in the Bahamas since the early twentieth century, including Hurricane Sandy in 2012. It has endured 140-mph winds, staying strong in the midst of the storms.
Moreover, someone might go up to “Queen Victoria” and insult her, but she would just keep smiling at the person and never retort. You could go to her in the middle of the day, and she would still be sitting and smiling. You could “sneak up” on her at two in the morning, and she’d be smiling. When no one is in Parliament Square looking up at her, she is still smiling. One time, I saw a bird land on her head and “relieve” itself on her—even then, she kept her serenity! I can guarantee what she is doing right now without being in her presence, because I know she is unchanging—she has “character.”
Similarly, a principled leader does not change his values and principles, no matter the external circumstances. He is able to weather all kinds of personal and professional storms, even those that are “hurricane strength,” while remaining calm and steadfast. We need to ask ourselves the following: “Am I consistent, no matter where I am, what I am doing, and what time of day it is?” “What do I do when people ‘relieve themselves’ on me—in other words, gossip about me, criticize me, attack my motivations, insult me, or even swear at me? Do I become a different person, losing my temper and lashing back?” “What would I be like if my business collapsed and I lost everything? Regardless of how devastated I felt, would my character remain the same?” “Am I the really the person that I project to others?” “Do I behave in an unethical or inappropriate way when no one else is around?”
A true leader is able to take criticism and mistreatment and still retain his character. Genuine character will outlast all disagreements, disapproval, opposition, and attacks. If you believe in your ideas and your standards, you should stay with them—be stable. Even your enemies may eventually acknowledge your integrity. Yahusha of Nazareth was cursed at and mocked. He was spat upon, had His beard plucked out, was severely whipped, and had nails driven into His wrists and feet; He endured the worst form of capital punishment ever invented. Yet what did He say when He was dying on the cross? “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”4 Even after all He went through, Yahusha perfectly reflected the Creator’s nature —always consistent, predictable, trustworthy, just, and loving. That’s character!
A true leader is able to take criticism and mistreatment and still retain his character.
Character Means...
Based on the above, let’s look at some statements that summarize what it means to have character.
1. Character Means Having a Commitment to a Set of Values Without Compromise
Leaders of principle do not relinquish their values in the face of pressure to disregard their beliefs. Because their values are based on their convictions, they are willing to lose money, promotion, and other advantages for the sake of their values. Unfortunately, many leaders today are experts in compromise. They change their values based on what they think other people want them to do, not what they genuinely believe is right.
Moral compromise is different from the natural give-and-take that occurs, for instance, when a group of people is discussing options for how to implement procedures or what methods to use to attain a certain goal. There is an important distinction between compromising one’s beliefs and making a concession on an opinion, so that a group can come to a consensus. In those circumstances, we are not to be uncompromising for its own sake, or for the purpose of making life hard for another individual. However, when moral issues are clearly at stake, we must steadfastly hold on to our values and ethical code.
In an earlier teaching, we discussed the account in which Moses sent twelve leaders to scope out the Promised Land before the nation of Israel entered it. Ten of the leaders expressed their fear of the inhabitants of the land, but two of them insisted the Israelites would be victorious over their enemies. These two leaders had a strong conviction about, and commitment to, what Yah had already assured them they could do. They had “a different spirit” from the other leaders.5 They had the spirit of character.
Today, many leaders are afraid to be criticized and opposed, so they don’t take a public stand on important moral issues that affect the well-being of their community and nation. They cannot handle disagreement, criticism, or opposition because they just want to be accepted. You could say they have accepted popularity as their “price” for moral compromise. When people try to pressure us to back off from our values, we have to be able to say, “I can’t be ‘bought,’” or “I’m not going to compromise,” or “I must publicly express my principles regarding this issue.” When you look back on your life, you may not remember the things that you fell for. But you will remember what you stood for.
2. Character Means Being Dedicated to a Set of Standards Without Wavering
Earlier, we examined the process through which our moral standards are derived from our values. We should compromise neither our values nor our standards. When a principled leader establishes moral parameters for his life, he doesn’t waver in his dedication to them. He does not violate them for anyone or anything. As someone who has lived under the constant pressure of public scrutiny, let me tell you that no one else will set moral standards for you. You must set your own. And then you must be fixed and stable in relation to them.
Let me suggest a few additional examples of specific moral standards that a leader might set: “I will not lie in order to get a promotion or increase my profits”; “I will treat my employees justly by giving them fair wages and ensuring the safety of their work environment”; “I will uphold the value of every human life.”
The first book of Moses gives the account of a young man named Joseph who lived in Canaan.6 While he made some mistakes, he exhibited strong character dedicated to a set of moral standards that brought him through severe trials.
Joseph came from a large family. He was one of twelve sons—and his father’s favorite. Consequently, his father gave him special treatment, including the gift of an elaborate robe. It’s not surprising that his brothers became intensely jealous of him. After plotting to get rid of him for good, they sold him as a slave to a passing caravan that was on its way to Egypt. Then, they smeared the blood of a goat on his special robe to make their father think that Joseph had been attacked and killed by a wild animal.
How would you react if your own siblings sold you as a slave? Might not that have been an excuse to waver in regard to your standards? But Joseph relied on the reserves of his moral character, kept his wits about him, and trusted in Yah. He was purchased by a man named Potiphar, who was the captain of Pharaoh’s guard. Even though he was a slave, Joseph apparently made a decision to perform his work with excellence, because Potiphar put him in charge of his entire household and everything he owned. Joseph established himself as a trusted and valued servant, and the estate prospered under his management.
So, life was improving for Joseph, and those are the times when some people will let their guard down and ride along where life is taking them, often becoming lax in their standards. If Joseph hadn’t been unwavering in his convictions, that might have happened to him, too, because the opportunity soon presented itself. Joseph was good-looking, and he caught the eye of Potiphar’s wife, who soon asked him to sleep with her! He refused, saying, “No one is greater in this house than I am. My master has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against Yah?”7
Even though she persisted daily in trying to convince him, he would not succumb to her offer. Again, how many people under such circumstances would have done the same? This young man was abruptly torn from his family and the home he’d always known and taken to a foreign land as a slave. He might have accepted whatever opportunities for pleasure and advantages were offered to him. Yet Joseph knew he had a noble purpose in life, and he had a reverence for his Creator, so he remained faithful to his ethical code.
His commitment cost him greatly. Furious at being refused, Potiphar’s wife accused Joseph of attempting to molest her, and Potiphar had him thrown into prison. Remarkably, even in that circumstance, he must have remained steadfast, because the prison warden soon put him in charge of all the other prisoners. Every time he kept to his convictions, it strengthened his character even further.
So, Joseph remained dedicated to his principles, even though he was all but forgotten in prison. Yet all these trials were the prelude to his emergence as a powerful leader in Egypt when, through a series of Yah-orchestrated events, he went from imprisoned slave to Pharaoh’s first-in-command. Keep Joseph’s “character arc” in mind in the next teaching when we discuss how trials and difficulties lead to personal growth and steadfast integrity.
Every time Joseph kept to his convictions, it strengthened his character even further.
3. Character Means Making a Continual Effort to Integrate Your Thoughts, Words, and Actions
Integrated Means “Whole” and “Entire”
The words integrate and integrity are both derived from the Latin word integer, meaning “whole” and “entire.” Thus, one definition of integrate is “to form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole.” Having character means making a continual effort to integrate your thoughts, words, and actions, so that you are “one.” A leader should be able to declare, “What I say, what I do, and who I am are the same.” Achieving such consistency takes daily discipline.
An important principle to remember is that there’s no “break” in life from character. There is no point at which we will have “arrived,” so that we no longer have to concern ourselves with values and principles. We must therefore keep vigil over our character. For instance, it is very easy to be tempted to lie. Suppose you were laid off from your job, and you found some short-term work through a temporary agency. Then, at a social function, you meet a wealthy business executive who asks you, “So, what do you do for a living?” You don’t want to seem inferior, so you inflate your job description. Character requires daily maintenance, because every day—and often many times throughout the day—our character will be tested.
Integrity Means Having One Face—Not Two or More
If we are to be principled leaders, our private life and our public life must be ethically “one.” This means we must be honest when no one else is watching us. When we say something in public, we must still mean what we said when we are in private. A person with integrity is the same person all the time, night or day, hot or cold, in good times and in bad. He believes what he says, and he says what he believes. He says what he does, and he does what he says. There is no dichotomy.
When we lack integrity, we are disingenuous, or “two-faced.” Let’s look at an illustration of this concept from the origins of the acting profession. The Greeks were the first to develop drama. While they started out using only a chorus of people to narrate a story, they later incorporated into that format an individual who could play five different parts, or characters, by wearing different masks, changing them according to the particular role he was playing.
Interestingly, the word the Greeks used for this person was hypokrites, from which we get the English word hypocrite. Similarly, the word hypocrisy comes from the Greek word hypokrisis, meaning “acting on the stage, pretense,” from hypokrinesthai, meaning “play a part, pretend.”8 In its original form, “hypocrite” was not a negative term; it merely referred to the actors who wore masks on the stage while playing multiple parts. However, the term evolved into the idea of a person of “many faces”—someone whose real identity was not what it appeared to be.
Yahusha of Nazareth referred to a number of the religious leaders and practitioners of His day as “hypocrites.” For example, He said, “So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full”9; and “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.”10 In other words, He was saying, “You are actors! You wear a mask to hide who you really are. You keep changing your ‘face.’” They were not “integrated” because they lacked true character.
We must ask ourselves, “Am I manifesting who I really am in my interactions with others?” That can be a tough question to ask yourself—and to answer—but it is a necessary one. We have to start taking off our masks, so that who we really are can be seen. Then, we must work to develop our character, so that other people will be able to fully trust what we say and do.
It is wearying to pretend to be someone you’re not. It’s as if you have more than one person living inside of you, working at cross-purposes. It’s similar to what we talked about in an earlier teaching regarding character versus reputation. Character is who you are—reputation is the mask.
The problem with having a conversation with a hypocrite is that you’re not sure exactly who you’re speaking with at any given time. Today, many people—especially younger people—say, “Everybody is a hypocrite.” They have observed too many leaders say one thing but do another. Or, they have seen leaders act in ways contrary to what they’ve been told constitutes good character. They don’t believe that what the leaders tell them has any real value. As a result, many of them think, I’ll behave any way I want to, because standards don’t seem to matter. Look at how that politician lied. Look at what that businessman stole. They start pointing at people who have violated values and moral standards.
In contrast, when a leader’s private life and his public life are consistent, he will demonstrate integrity to those around him. True character does not change with the tides; it is not altered according to the latest opinion poll. It is consistently “one.”
The problem with having a conversation with a hypocrite is that you’re not sure exactly who you’re speaking with at any given time.
4. Character Means Making Sacrifices in Support of Your Principles
A principled leader possesses beliefs so strong that he is willing to sacrifice for them—to experience the loss of popularity, friendships, colleagues, financial gain, and success for their sake. Such a quality must be reintroduced to society by leaders of genuine principle.
Mahatma Gandhi made some major sacrifices for his vision. For instance, he went on several hunger strikes, one of which drew attention to the unjust treatment of India’s poorest classes in the caste system, the “untouchables.” People will continue to remember Gandhi for generations because of his willingness to sacrifice for what he believed in.
5. Character Means Imposing Self-Discipline in Keeping with Your Values and Moral Standards
In conjunction with making sacrifices, a leader must impose daily discipline upon himself, so that he will remain aligned with his convictions and continue to adhere to his principles. In teaching 5, we discussed specific ways to exercise self-discipline.
Perhaps, before you picked up this series, you felt like giving up your values and standards because you found yourself in the midst of a difficult circumstance. It could be that, because you had made a commitment to your principles, you disciplined yourself to stick with them, and affirmed, “I will continue to cultivate myself as a person and as a leader.” If that has been your situation, I commend you for your discipline and urge you to keep holding on to your convictions. Your leadership is needed in our world!
The Manifestation of Character
As we have seen in this teaching, and as we will explore in more depth in teaching 10, character is manifested in our lives...
When our values, principles, morals, and standards are tested.
When we persevere under the pressures of life.
When self-sacrifice for the sake of our principles becomes more important to us than compromise for the sake of popularity.
Is your character fixed, set, predictable, and stable? Where will you be in five, ten, twenty, or thirty years? Will you continue to follow moral standards, or will you have sacrificed them on the altar of compromise? Will you still hold to the same convictions, or will you have abandoned them for temporary pleasure?
Some years ago, I visited another country to speak at a conference held at the ministry of a famous preacher in that nation. The ministry was packed with people, and it was a good experience. The preacher introduced me to his spouse, whom he called “my darling, beautiful wife, to whom I’ve been married all these years.” The next year, when I went back, he had a different wife. He had divorced his first wife to marry someone else.
I never went back to that ministry, because I couldn’t trust the man. If he couldn’t keep his word to his own spouse, how do I know he would keep his word to me? (He is now on his third wife.) Instead of having true character, this man was a character. He was wearing a mask. There are many people like that in the world. We don’t want to be a character; we want to have character.
Each of us must take some responsibility for the crisis of character in our world today. We are all part of the problem. But we can all be part of the solution by committing to follow sound principles and moral standards —to becoming “one” in our thoughts, words, and actions. To quote Winston ministryill’s famous declaration: “Never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense.”11
Today we are walking in: Key Concepts of Character
Today we look to the word-LEADER- H5057 nagiyd-- leader, ruler, captain, prince; excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince, (chief) ruler.
The Torah Testifies.............................
*****
The prophets proclaim...............
Isaiah 55:4 - Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader H5057 and commander to the people.
The writings bear witness.............
2Chronicles 32:21 - And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders H5057 and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword
Chapter 9
Key Concepts of Character
“We manifest character when self-sacrifice for the sake of our principles becomes more important to us than compromise for the sake of popularity.”
—Dr. Myles Munroe
This section of the series focuses on how we can actively engage in personal character development. Let’s set the stage by talking about storytelling. In novels, screenplays, and other forms of fictional narratives, there is an element called the “character arc.” Usually, the hero starts out in one situation, having a particular mind-set about his life.
After progressing through a series of events and challenges while attempting to reach a personal goal, he ends up in a new place in his life, with a changed perspective. The “arc” refers to the protagonist’s personal transformation as he journeys from where he was at the beginning of the story to where he arrives at its conclusion.
Following the Character Arc
For example, in the classic film On the Waterfront, the main character, Terry, played by Marlin Brando, begins his character arc as a washed-up boxer who is intimidated by the corrupt union boss he works for. The boss, who has ties to the mob, exploits the longshoremen, and Terry is told to put pressure on one of the men who is trying to expose his corruption. Terry is shocked when the encounter leads to the man’s death. Although the incident deepens his low opinion of himself, Terry finds himself falling in love with the sister of the dead man.
The union boss orders the murder of Terry’s brother, who refused to kill Terry at the boss’s order. At this point, the demoralized former boxer summons the courage to stand up to the boss in defense of the oppressed longshoremen. He proves his willingness to sacrifice for his newfound convictions when he is severely beaten up and almost killed. By the end of the story, completing the character arc, Terry has discovered a strength and resilience within himself that he never would have thought possible in his “old life.” In the process of his trials, he becomes a leader among his peers and someone who has demonstrated true character.
Like the protagonist in a story, you, too, will experience a “character arc” as you develop and refine your moral standards and principles, so that you can be transformed personally and professionally. In fact, you will progress through many “character arcs,” since the process of character development is ongoing. A novel or screenplay may cover only a small portion of a protagonist’s life. The story may take place over a matter of days or weeks, and that period of the character’s life is all we learn about him. However, in “real life,” the hero would encounter a number of other challenges that would take place after the events of the story have ended.
In this teaching, we will look at several practical illustrations and key concepts of character that we have examined throughout this series. This will lead us to teaching 10, in which we will explore in greater depth the secret to successful character development.
Illustrations of Character
The English word character comes from a Latin word meaning “mark,” or “distinctive quality.” As we have seen, our character is what marks, defines, and identifies us. And we’ve been asking ourselves, “What distinctive qualities identify me? Are they positive or negative?” Genuine character includes the following features: It is (1) fixed, or set, (2) predictable, and (3) stable.
1. Character Is Fixed, or Set
Most people are familiar with the saying, “Every man has his price.” This idea implies that every person has a point at which he will compromise his moral standards to gain something else that is a higher priority to him. Some of the usual candidates are money, fame, and power. But if we want to be leaders of character, we have to stop accepting this notion—right now. There’s no “price” for a leader of character that will cause him to compromise his standards, because his principles are his life. All leaders of character are therefore “set in their ways,” ethically speaking.
There’s no “price” for a leader of character that will cause him to compromise his standards.
The fixed quality of character may be illustrated by elements whose intrinsic quality is to be unchanging, or absolute. For example, the letters of the alphabet within a particular language are fixed. (Each letter is also called a “character,” in reference to being a “mark.”) For instance, A is always A. It will never turn into C. The same property is true for all of the letters of the alphabet. The meanings of the individual letters do not change. If they were not set, the system of using them to communicate meaning among people who share a common language would fail. It would lead to mass confusion.
Moreover, a number of languages in the world share some or all of the basic Latin alphabet. For example, the French and Portuguese languages use the identical twenty-six letters of the alphabet that the English language does. The Spanish language adds only one letter. The pronunciation of the letters differs, but the fact that the alphabets are fundamentally equivalent simplifies the process of learning these related languages. Similarly, moral absolutes give people solid parameters that enable them to understand the world they live in and to interact with others in a meaningful way.
Numerals are another example of the fixed nature of character. The number 1 is always 1. It will never change to become 2. And so on, up to infinity. In nations across the globe, the properties and functions of numbers are used in exactly the same way.
An additional example of the set nature of character is that of physical laws. As we discussed in a previous teaching, the Creator’s moral principles function in a parallel way to His physical laws, such as gravity—they are unchanging, and they apply to all of us.
Let’s conclude this section by looking at a final illustration taken from the properties of a commonly used building material—cement. If cement is wet, it is malleable, enabling you to form a specific shape—often adding other materials to it first—using a mold. For instance, you might use it to make sections of a concrete sidewalk or concrete building blocks.
However, once cement hardens, or sets, you can’t reshape it. If you want to make something different, you need to start with fresh cement. I heard a story about some cement workers who forgot to keep the drum of their large cement mixer rotating. By the time they realized their error, the cement in the drum had completely dried, and they knew there was nothing they could do to salvage it. The cement was now set and unchangeable. Those workers had to spend hours using sledgehammers to remove all the dried cement from the drum so it could be used again.
When cement is set—hopefully, as intended—you know that the sidewalk, concrete blocks, or whatever else you have formed will be solid and secure. Likewise, a person with character is “set” in the sense that he cannot be changed from holding to his established convictions and standards. Suppose someone offered you cash under the table to look the other way in an illegal business transaction, and said, “Just pretend you didn’t see this. Let it go.” If you agree to look the other way, your character is not “set.” Your values are still malleable. But if you refuse, your character is solid and secure. That is why we must learn to exercise the kind of personal discipline that will say, “I cannot do this. It’s against my convictions.”
2. Character Is Predictable
In teaching 7, we discussed several attributes of the Creator, one of which is that He is always “predictable.” To be predictable is to be consistently responsible and trustworthy. We can rely on Yah because He is not one thing one day and another thing the next.
Would you say that your conduct is predictable or unpredictable? For example, is your temperament consistent? Do your family members and coworkers have to walk around on tiptoe when they see you because they don’t know how you will react to them on a given day? Do they have to warn others, “Watch out—he’s in a bad mood today!” One biblical writer described Yahusha of Nazareth as “the same yesterday and today and forever.”1 That is the way our character should be. Moreover, when we demonstrate that we are reliable, we give other people a sense of security and well-being.
A principled leader is predictable to the point that his character speaks for him in his absence. That is to say, people know him so well that they could vouch for what he would or would not do in a given situation—and be totally accurate. Consequently, as one gauge of how strong your character is, you might ask several people you trust to give you an honest assessment of what they think your conduct would be under various scenarios. Use that information to help you form and strengthen your character.
A principled leader is predictable to the point that his character speaks for him in his absence.
3. Character Is Stable
As we noted earlier, one consequence of humanity’s loss of true character was instability. The first-century writer James said that a double-minded man is unstable in everything that he does.2 I think James was saying that if a person has a character defect in one area, he will inevitably have character flaws in other areas, as well. And it’s hard to trust a person who keeps vacillating.
Instead, when we walk with integrity, our good character can flow evenly in all areas of our life. Yahusha of Nazareth told a concise parable describing how the nature of the Creator is meant to fill us. He said that the kingdom of Yah is “like yeast that a woman took and mixed into a large amount of flour until it worked all through the dough.”3 Character must “work its way” through every part of us, so that we can consistently manifest it to others.
Another excellent illustration of the stability of character is that of a statue. Perhaps you have a favorite statue—the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor; the “Christ the Redeemer” statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Michelangelo’s David in Florence, Italy; or a statue in your community. One of my favorite statues is of Queen Victoria, located in Parliament Square in downtown Nassau, Bahamas. The statue is carved completely of marble, and the famous queen is depicted as a young woman, sitting with a royal scepter and a sword, wearing a crown and flowing robes, and smiling serenely.
The statue was placed in the square in 1905, so I’ve never known a time when it wasn’t there. Because it has remained unchanged for decades, it always reminds me of the stability and resilience of character. I see this statue frequently in my comings and goings, and no matter what the weather conditions, the statue does not appear altered. It could be a day when the temperature reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and everyone in town is wilting from the heat, but “Victoria” continues to smile. During the rainy season, the downpours are so heavy at times that you can hardly see in front of you. The rain comes down like lead, and it beats on the statue, but she smiles through it all. That statue has also been through every hurricane in the Bahamas since the early twentieth century, including Hurricane Sandy in 2012. It has endured 140-mph winds, staying strong in the midst of the storms.
Moreover, someone might go up to “Queen Victoria” and insult her, but she would just keep smiling at the person and never retort. You could go to her in the middle of the day, and she would still be sitting and smiling. You could “sneak up” on her at two in the morning, and she’d be smiling. When no one is in Parliament Square looking up at her, she is still smiling. One time, I saw a bird land on her head and “relieve” itself on her—even then, she kept her serenity! I can guarantee what she is doing right now without being in her presence, because I know she is unchanging—she has “character.”
Similarly, a principled leader does not change his values and principles, no matter the external circumstances. He is able to weather all kinds of personal and professional storms, even those that are “hurricane strength,” while remaining calm and steadfast. We need to ask ourselves the following: “Am I consistent, no matter where I am, what I am doing, and what time of day it is?” “What do I do when people ‘relieve themselves’ on me—in other words, gossip about me, criticize me, attack my motivations, insult me, or even swear at me? Do I become a different person, losing my temper and lashing back?” “What would I be like if my business collapsed and I lost everything? Regardless of how devastated I felt, would my character remain the same?” “Am I the really the person that I project to others?” “Do I behave in an unethical or inappropriate way when no one else is around?”
A true leader is able to take criticism and mistreatment and still retain his character. Genuine character will outlast all disagreements, disapproval, opposition, and attacks. If you believe in your ideas and your standards, you should stay with them—be stable. Even your enemies may eventually acknowledge your integrity. Yahusha of Nazareth was cursed at and mocked. He was spat upon, had His beard plucked out, was severely whipped, and had nails driven into His wrists and feet; He endured the worst form of capital punishment ever invented. Yet what did He say when He was dying on the cross? “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”4 Even after all He went through, Yahusha perfectly reflected the Creator’s nature —always consistent, predictable, trustworthy, just, and loving. That’s character!
A true leader is able to take criticism and mistreatment and still retain his character.
Character Means...
Based on the above, let’s look at some statements that summarize what it means to have character.
1. Character Means Having a Commitment to a Set of Values Without Compromise
Leaders of principle do not relinquish their values in the face of pressure to disregard their beliefs. Because their values are based on their convictions, they are willing to lose money, promotion, and other advantages for the sake of their values. Unfortunately, many leaders today are experts in compromise. They change their values based on what they think other people want them to do, not what they genuinely believe is right.
Moral compromise is different from the natural give-and-take that occurs, for instance, when a group of people is discussing options for how to implement procedures or what methods to use to attain a certain goal. There is an important distinction between compromising one’s beliefs and making a concession on an opinion, so that a group can come to a consensus. In those circumstances, we are not to be uncompromising for its own sake, or for the purpose of making life hard for another individual. However, when moral issues are clearly at stake, we must steadfastly hold on to our values and ethical code.
In an earlier teaching, we discussed the account in which Moses sent twelve leaders to scope out the Promised Land before the nation of Israel entered it. Ten of the leaders expressed their fear of the inhabitants of the land, but two of them insisted the Israelites would be victorious over their enemies. These two leaders had a strong conviction about, and commitment to, what Yah had already assured them they could do. They had “a different spirit” from the other leaders.5 They had the spirit of character.
Today, many leaders are afraid to be criticized and opposed, so they don’t take a public stand on important moral issues that affect the well-being of their community and nation. They cannot handle disagreement, criticism, or opposition because they just want to be accepted. You could say they have accepted popularity as their “price” for moral compromise. When people try to pressure us to back off from our values, we have to be able to say, “I can’t be ‘bought,’” or “I’m not going to compromise,” or “I must publicly express my principles regarding this issue.” When you look back on your life, you may not remember the things that you fell for. But you will remember what you stood for.
2. Character Means Being Dedicated to a Set of Standards Without Wavering
Earlier, we examined the process through which our moral standards are derived from our values. We should compromise neither our values nor our standards. When a principled leader establishes moral parameters for his life, he doesn’t waver in his dedication to them. He does not violate them for anyone or anything. As someone who has lived under the constant pressure of public scrutiny, let me tell you that no one else will set moral standards for you. You must set your own. And then you must be fixed and stable in relation to them.
Let me suggest a few additional examples of specific moral standards that a leader might set: “I will not lie in order to get a promotion or increase my profits”; “I will treat my employees justly by giving them fair wages and ensuring the safety of their work environment”; “I will uphold the value of every human life.”
The first book of Moses gives the account of a young man named Joseph who lived in Canaan.6 While he made some mistakes, he exhibited strong character dedicated to a set of moral standards that brought him through severe trials.
Joseph came from a large family. He was one of twelve sons—and his father’s favorite. Consequently, his father gave him special treatment, including the gift of an elaborate robe. It’s not surprising that his brothers became intensely jealous of him. After plotting to get rid of him for good, they sold him as a slave to a passing caravan that was on its way to Egypt. Then, they smeared the blood of a goat on his special robe to make their father think that Joseph had been attacked and killed by a wild animal.
How would you react if your own siblings sold you as a slave? Might not that have been an excuse to waver in regard to your standards? But Joseph relied on the reserves of his moral character, kept his wits about him, and trusted in Yah. He was purchased by a man named Potiphar, who was the captain of Pharaoh’s guard. Even though he was a slave, Joseph apparently made a decision to perform his work with excellence, because Potiphar put him in charge of his entire household and everything he owned. Joseph established himself as a trusted and valued servant, and the estate prospered under his management.
So, life was improving for Joseph, and those are the times when some people will let their guard down and ride along where life is taking them, often becoming lax in their standards. If Joseph hadn’t been unwavering in his convictions, that might have happened to him, too, because the opportunity soon presented itself. Joseph was good-looking, and he caught the eye of Potiphar’s wife, who soon asked him to sleep with her! He refused, saying, “No one is greater in this house than I am. My master has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against Yah?”7
Even though she persisted daily in trying to convince him, he would not succumb to her offer. Again, how many people under such circumstances would have done the same? This young man was abruptly torn from his family and the home he’d always known and taken to a foreign land as a slave. He might have accepted whatever opportunities for pleasure and advantages were offered to him. Yet Joseph knew he had a noble purpose in life, and he had a reverence for his Creator, so he remained faithful to his ethical code.
His commitment cost him greatly. Furious at being refused, Potiphar’s wife accused Joseph of attempting to molest her, and Potiphar had him thrown into prison. Remarkably, even in that circumstance, he must have remained steadfast, because the prison warden soon put him in charge of all the other prisoners. Every time he kept to his convictions, it strengthened his character even further.
So, Joseph remained dedicated to his principles, even though he was all but forgotten in prison. Yet all these trials were the prelude to his emergence as a powerful leader in Egypt when, through a series of Yah-orchestrated events, he went from imprisoned slave to Pharaoh’s first-in-command. Keep Joseph’s “character arc” in mind in the next teaching when we discuss how trials and difficulties lead to personal growth and steadfast integrity.
Every time Joseph kept to his convictions, it strengthened his character even further.
3. Character Means Making a Continual Effort to Integrate Your Thoughts, Words, and Actions
Integrated Means “Whole” and “Entire”
The words integrate and integrity are both derived from the Latin word integer, meaning “whole” and “entire.” Thus, one definition of integrate is “to form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole.” Having character means making a continual effort to integrate your thoughts, words, and actions, so that you are “one.” A leader should be able to declare, “What I say, what I do, and who I am are the same.” Achieving such consistency takes daily discipline.
An important principle to remember is that there’s no “break” in life from character. There is no point at which we will have “arrived,” so that we no longer have to concern ourselves with values and principles. We must therefore keep vigil over our character. For instance, it is very easy to be tempted to lie. Suppose you were laid off from your job, and you found some short-term work through a temporary agency. Then, at a social function, you meet a wealthy business executive who asks you, “So, what do you do for a living?” You don’t want to seem inferior, so you inflate your job description. Character requires daily maintenance, because every day—and often many times throughout the day—our character will be tested.
Integrity Means Having One Face—Not Two or More
If we are to be principled leaders, our private life and our public life must be ethically “one.” This means we must be honest when no one else is watching us. When we say something in public, we must still mean what we said when we are in private. A person with integrity is the same person all the time, night or day, hot or cold, in good times and in bad. He believes what he says, and he says what he believes. He says what he does, and he does what he says. There is no dichotomy.
When we lack integrity, we are disingenuous, or “two-faced.” Let’s look at an illustration of this concept from the origins of the acting profession. The Greeks were the first to develop drama. While they started out using only a chorus of people to narrate a story, they later incorporated into that format an individual who could play five different parts, or characters, by wearing different masks, changing them according to the particular role he was playing.
Interestingly, the word the Greeks used for this person was hypokrites, from which we get the English word hypocrite. Similarly, the word hypocrisy comes from the Greek word hypokrisis, meaning “acting on the stage, pretense,” from hypokrinesthai, meaning “play a part, pretend.”8 In its original form, “hypocrite” was not a negative term; it merely referred to the actors who wore masks on the stage while playing multiple parts. However, the term evolved into the idea of a person of “many faces”—someone whose real identity was not what it appeared to be.
Yahusha of Nazareth referred to a number of the religious leaders and practitioners of His day as “hypocrites.” For example, He said, “So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full”9; and “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.”10 In other words, He was saying, “You are actors! You wear a mask to hide who you really are. You keep changing your ‘face.’” They were not “integrated” because they lacked true character.
We must ask ourselves, “Am I manifesting who I really am in my interactions with others?” That can be a tough question to ask yourself—and to answer—but it is a necessary one. We have to start taking off our masks, so that who we really are can be seen. Then, we must work to develop our character, so that other people will be able to fully trust what we say and do.
It is wearying to pretend to be someone you’re not. It’s as if you have more than one person living inside of you, working at cross-purposes. It’s similar to what we talked about in an earlier teaching regarding character versus reputation. Character is who you are—reputation is the mask.
The problem with having a conversation with a hypocrite is that you’re not sure exactly who you’re speaking with at any given time. Today, many people—especially younger people—say, “Everybody is a hypocrite.” They have observed too many leaders say one thing but do another. Or, they have seen leaders act in ways contrary to what they’ve been told constitutes good character. They don’t believe that what the leaders tell them has any real value. As a result, many of them think, I’ll behave any way I want to, because standards don’t seem to matter. Look at how that politician lied. Look at what that businessman stole. They start pointing at people who have violated values and moral standards.
In contrast, when a leader’s private life and his public life are consistent, he will demonstrate integrity to those around him. True character does not change with the tides; it is not altered according to the latest opinion poll. It is consistently “one.”
The problem with having a conversation with a hypocrite is that you’re not sure exactly who you’re speaking with at any given time.
4. Character Means Making Sacrifices in Support of Your Principles
A principled leader possesses beliefs so strong that he is willing to sacrifice for them—to experience the loss of popularity, friendships, colleagues, financial gain, and success for their sake. Such a quality must be reintroduced to society by leaders of genuine principle.
Mahatma Gandhi made some major sacrifices for his vision. For instance, he went on several hunger strikes, one of which drew attention to the unjust treatment of India’s poorest classes in the caste system, the “untouchables.” People will continue to remember Gandhi for generations because of his willingness to sacrifice for what he believed in.
5. Character Means Imposing Self-Discipline in Keeping with Your Values and Moral Standards
In conjunction with making sacrifices, a leader must impose daily discipline upon himself, so that he will remain aligned with his convictions and continue to adhere to his principles. In teaching 5, we discussed specific ways to exercise self-discipline.
Perhaps, before you picked up this series, you felt like giving up your values and standards because you found yourself in the midst of a difficult circumstance. It could be that, because you had made a commitment to your principles, you disciplined yourself to stick with them, and affirmed, “I will continue to cultivate myself as a person and as a leader.” If that has been your situation, I commend you for your discipline and urge you to keep holding on to your convictions. Your leadership is needed in our world!
The Manifestation of Character
As we have seen in this teaching, and as we will explore in more depth in teaching 10, character is manifested in our lives...
When our values, principles, morals, and standards are tested.
When we persevere under the pressures of life.
When self-sacrifice for the sake of our principles becomes more important to us than compromise for the sake of popularity.
Is your character fixed, set, predictable, and stable? Where will you be in five, ten, twenty, or thirty years? Will you continue to follow moral standards, or will you have sacrificed them on the altar of compromise? Will you still hold to the same convictions, or will you have abandoned them for temporary pleasure?
Some years ago, I visited another country to speak at a conference held at the ministry of a famous preacher in that nation. The ministry was packed with people, and it was a good experience. The preacher introduced me to his spouse, whom he called “my darling, beautiful wife, to whom I’ve been married all these years.” The next year, when I went back, he had a different wife. He had divorced his first wife to marry someone else.
I never went back to that ministry, because I couldn’t trust the man. If he couldn’t keep his word to his own spouse, how do I know he would keep his word to me? (He is now on his third wife.) Instead of having true character, this man was a character. He was wearing a mask. There are many people like that in the world. We don’t want to be a character; we want to have character.
Each of us must take some responsibility for the crisis of character in our world today. We are all part of the problem. But we can all be part of the solution by committing to follow sound principles and moral standards —to becoming “one” in our thoughts, words, and actions. To quote Winston ministryill’s famous declaration: “Never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense.”11
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